erii-20210930

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to __________

Commission File Number: 001-34112

Energy Recovery, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware

01-0616867

(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1717 Doolittle Drive, San Leandro, California 94577

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(510) 483-7370

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.001 par value

ERII

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☑ Smaller reporting company ☑ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of October 29, 2021, there were 56,718,626 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page No.
PART I
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1	Financial Statements (Unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets — September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations — Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	3
	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity — Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	25
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	38
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	38

PART II
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1	Legal Proceedings	39
Item 1A	Risk Factors	39
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	39
Item 3	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	40
Item 4	Mine Safety Disclosures	40
Item 5	Other Information	40
Item 6	Exhibits	40


Signatures		41

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Forward-Looking Information

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, including Part I, Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” (the “MD&A”) and certain information incorporated by reference, contain forward-looking statements within the “safe harbor” provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements in this report include, but are not limited to, statements about our expectations, objectives, anticipations, plans, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future.

Forward-looking statements represent our current expectations about future events, are based on assumptions, and involve risks and uncertainties. If the risks or uncertainties occur or the assumptions prove incorrect, then our results may differ materially from those set forth or implied by the forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or events.

Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “aims,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates,” “seeks,” “continue,” “could,” “may,” “potential,” “should,” “will,” “would,” variations of such words and similar expressions are also intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict; therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. Readers are directed to risks and uncertainties identified under Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and elsewhere in this report for factors that may cause actual results to be different from those expressed in these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason.

Forward-looking statements in this report include, without limitation, statements about the following:

•our belief that the pressure exchanger is the industry standard for energy recovery in the seawater reverse osmosis (“SWRO”) industry;

•our anticipation of continued growth in product revenues as the need to expand potential water production globally is increasing, as well as the increased purchases of product for plant maintenance in advance of the anticipation of the economic recovery;

•our belief that pressure exchanger technology can provide benefits to our customers, including the reduction of capital expenditures and energy use;

•our belief that our pressure exchanger technology can address inefficiencies and waste within industrial systems and processes that involve high-pressure and low-pressure fluid flows;

•our belief that our PX® Pressure Exchanger® (“PX”) has helped make SWRO desalination an economically viable and more sustainable option in the production of potable water;

•our belief that markets not traditionally associated with desalination, including the United States of America (the “U.S.”) will inevitably develop and provide further revenue growth opportunities;

•our belief that, as the existing thermal technology is replaced with reverse osmosis (“RO”) technology, demand for our products will be created;

•our belief that ongoing operating costs rather than capital expenditures is the key factor in the selection of an energy recovery device (“ERD”) solution for megaproject (“MPD”) customers;

•our belief that our PX offers market-leading efficiency and reduction of total lifecycle cost to the end client;

•our estimate that MPD customer projects represent revenue opportunities from approximately $1 million to $18 million;

•our belief that initial capital expenditure rather than future ongoing operating costs is the key factor in selection of an ERD solution for original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) projects;

•our belief that our PX has a competitive advantage, as compared to the Flowserve Corporation’s DWEER product, because our devices are made with highly durable and corrosion-resistant aluminum oxide (“alumina”) ceramic parts that are designed for a life of more than 25 years, are warrantied for high efficiencies, and cause minimal unplanned downtime, resulting in lower lifecycle costs;

•our belief that our PX has a distinct competitive advantage over Fluid Equipment Development Company’s (“FEDCO”) turbochargers and Danfoss Group’s iSave ERDs because our devices provide up to 98% efficiency, have lower lifecycle maintenance costs, and are made of highly durable and corrosion-resistant alumina ceramic parts;

•our belief that our Turbochargers compete favorably with FEDCO’s turbochargers based on efficiency, price, and because our Turbochargers have design advantages that enhance efficiency, operational flexibility and serviceability;

•our belief that our Ultra PX enables customers to optimize their wastewater treatment process for Minimal Liquid Discharge and Zero Liquid Discharge;

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•our belief that our pressure exchanger technology can significantly help reduce the operating costs of CO2 refrigeration systems by recycling the pressure energy of CO2 gas thereby significantly reducing the energy needed to operate these systems;

•our belief that we will be able to achieve efficiencies across a wider range of temperatures that exceed incumbent CO2 refrigeration technologies;

•our belief that the integration of Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) principles into our corporate and risk management strategies can strengthen our existing business as well as our efforts to develop new applications of pressure exchanger technology for high-pressure fluid-flow environments;

•our belief that our enhanced safety measures will allow us to help contain the spread of the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”);

•the development of major public health concerns, including the COVID-19 outbreak or other pandemics arising globally, and the future impact of such major public health concerns, and specifically in the short-term the COVID-19 pandemic, on our business and operations;

•our belief that our existing cash and cash equivalents, our short and/or long-term investments, and the ongoing cash generated from our operations, will be sufficient to meet our anticipated liquidity needs for the foreseeable future, with the exception of a decision to enter into an acquisition and/or fund investments in our latest technology arising from rapid market adoption that could require us to seek additional equity or debt financing;

•our expectation of increased sales and marketing expenditures for the balance of 2021 and early 2022;

•our expectation that we will be able to enforce our intellectual property (“IP”) rights;

•our expectation that the adoption of new accounting standards will not have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations; and

•other factors disclosed under the MD&A and Item 3, “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk,” and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q.

You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinions only as of the date of the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. All forward-looking statements included in this document are subject to additional risks and uncertainties further discussed under Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and are based on information available to us as of November 5, 2021. We assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements, certain risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements, as disclosed from time to time in our Annual Reports on Form 10‑K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10‑Q and Current Reports on Form 8‑K filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), as well as in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. It is important to note that our actual results could differ materially from the results set forth or implied by our forward-looking statements. The factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those included in such forward-looking statements are set forth under the heading Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and in our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, and from time-to-time, in our results disclosed on our Current Reports on Form 8-K. In addition, when preparing the MD&A below, we presume the readers have access to and have read the MD&A in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, pursuant to Instruction 2 to paragraph (b) of Item 303 of Regulation S-K.

We provide our Annual Reports on Form 10‑K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10‑Q, Current Reports on Form 8‑K, Proxy Statements, Forms 3, 4 and 5 filed by or on behalf of directors, executive officers and certain large shareholders, and any amendments to those documents filed or furnished pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, free of charge on the Investor Relations section of our website, www.energyrecovery.com. These filings will become available as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC. From time to time, we may use our website as a channel of distribution of material company information.

We also make available in the Investor Relations section of our website our corporate governance documents including our code of business conduct and ethics and the charters of the audit, compensation and nominating and governance committees. These documents, as well as the information on the website, are not intended to be part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We use the Investor Relations section of our website as a means of complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Accordingly, you should monitor the Investor Relations section of our website in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts.

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q3'2021 Form 10-Q | FLS 2

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PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1 — Financial Statements (unaudited)

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS



	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	65,745	$	94,255
Short-term investments	41,900		20,446
Accounts receivable, net	13,066		11,792
Inventories, net	20,557		11,748

Prepaid expenses and other assets	5,541		4,950
Total current assets	146,809		143,191
Long-term investments	765		—
Deferred tax assets, net	12,093		11,030
Property and equipment, net	20,905		20,176
Operating lease, right of use asset	15,021		16,090
Goodwill and other intangible assets	12,830		12,839
Other assets	365		988
Total assets	$	208,788	$	204,314
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	3,663	$	1,118
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	9,582		11,816
Lease liabilities	1,518		1,243
Contract liabilities	1,452		1,552
Total current liabilities	16,215		15,729
Lease liabilities	15,284		16,443



Other liabilities	550		518
Total liabilities	32,049		32,690
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders’ equity:

Common stock	63		62

Additional paid-in capital	192,564		179,161
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income	(86)		53
Treasury stock	(47,642)		(30,486)
Retained earnings	31,840		22,834
Total stockholders’ equity	176,739		171,624
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	208,788	$	204,314

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
	(In thousands, except per share data)
Product revenue	$	20,781	$	27,408	$	70,328	$	65,665
Product cost of revenue	6,089		7,816		22,251		20,049
Product gross profit	14,692		19,592		48,077		45,616

License and development revenue	—		—		—		26,895

Operating expenses:
General and administrative	5,851		6,271		18,632		18,751
Sales and marketing	2,996		2,141		8,236		5,776
Research and development	4,416		5,098		13,342		18,159
Amortization of intangible assets	2		4		9		12

Impairment of long-lived assets	—		—		—		2,332


Total operating expenses	13,265		13,514		40,219		45,030
Income from operations	1,427		6,078		7,858		27,481

Other income (expense):
Interest income	36		134		179		809

Other non-operating (expense) income, net	1		(29)		(21)		(59)
Total other income, net	37		105		158		750
Income before income taxes	1,464		6,183		8,016		28,231
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes	393		796		(990)		5,297
Net income	$	1,071	$	5,387	$	9,006	$	22,934

Net income per share:
Basic	$	0.02	$	0.10	$	0.16	$	0.41
Diluted	$	0.02	$	0.10	$	0.15	$	0.41

Number of shares used in per share calculations:
Basic	57,026		55,692		57,053		55,573
Diluted	58,709		56,471		58,785		56,443

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Net income	$	1,071	$	5,387	$	9,006	$	22,934
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(20)		26		(40)		11
Unrealized (loss) gain on investments	(13)		(45)		(99)		126
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(33)		(19)		(139)		137
Comprehensive income	$	1,038	$	5,368	$	8,867	$	23,071

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
	(In thousands, except shares)
Common stock
Beginning balance	$	63	$	61	$	62	$	61
Issuance of common stock, net	—		—		1		—
Ending balance	63		61		63		61

Additional paid-in capital
Beginning balance	191,087		173,729		179,161		170,028
Issuance of common stock, net	242		132		8,938		1,237
Stock-based compensation	1,235		1,068		4,465		3,664
Ending balance	192,564		174,929		192,564		174,929

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income
Beginning balance	(53)		119		53		(37)
Other comprehensive (loss) income
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(20)		26		(40)		11
Unrealized (loss) gain on investments	(13)		(45)		(99)		126
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net	(33)		(19)		(139)		137
Ending balance	(86)		100		(86)		100

Treasury stock
Beginning balance	(42,040)		(30,486)		(30,486)		(30,486)
Common stock repurchased	(5,602)		—		(17,156)		—

Ending balance	(47,642)		(30,486)		(47,642)		(30,486)

Retained earnings
Beginning balance	30,769		13,994		22,834		(3,553)
Net income	1,071		5,387		9,006		22,934
Ending balance	31,840		19,381		31,840		19,381

Total stockholders’ equity	$	176,739	$	163,985	$	176,739	$	163,985

Common stock issued (shares)
Beginning balance	63,267,293		61,133,317		61,798,004		60,717,702
Issuance of common stock, net	31,690		36,383		1,500,979		451,998
Ending balance	63,298,983		61,169,700		63,298,983		61,169,700

Treasury stock (shares)
Beginning balance	6,112,873		5,455,935		5,455,935		5,455,935
Common stock repurchased	295,728		—		952,666		—

Ending balance	6,408,601		5,455,935		6,408,601		5,455,935

Total common stock outstanding (shares)	56,890,382		55,713,765		56,890,382		55,713,765

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
		2021		2020
		(In thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income		$	9,006	$	22,934
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Stock-based compensation		4,574		3,672
Depreciation and amortization		4,141		3,963
Amortization of premiums and discounts on investments		340		311
Deferred income taxes		(1,063)		5,443
Impairment of long-lived assets		—		2,332











Other non-cash adjustments		161		316
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net		(1,274)		1,862

Contract assets		1,892		(747)
Inventories, net		(8,874)		(506)
Prepaid and other assets		(1,097)		295
Accounts payable		2,739		656

Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(3,132)		(2,579)

Contract liabilities		(119)		(27,602)
Net cash provided by operating activities		7,294		10,350
Cash flows from investing activities:
Sales of marketable securities		—		10,573
Maturities of marketable securities		20,686		50,467
Purchases of marketable securities		(43,339)		(12,855)
Capital expenditures		(4,899)		(6,019)
Other		5		—
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(27,547)		42,166
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock		8,939		1,260
Tax payment for employee shares withheld		—		(23)



Repurchase of common stock		(17,156)		—
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(8,217)		1,237
Effect of exchange rate differences on cash and cash equivalents		(40)		11
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(28,510)		53,764
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year		94,358		26,488
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period		$	65,848	$	80,252

See Accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1 — Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Energy Recovery, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (the “Company” or “Energy Recovery”) create technologies that solve complex challenges for industrial fluid-flow markets worldwide. Building on the Company’s pressure exchanger technology platform, the Company designs and manufactures solutions that improve operational efficiency by reducing waste, energy consumption and costs across a range of industrial processes. What began as a game-changing invention for desalination has grown into a global business advancing the environmental sustainability of the Company’s customers’ operations in multiple industries. The Company’s solutions are marketed, sold in, or developed for, the fluid-flow and gas markets, such as water, industrial waste, oil & gas, chemical processing and refrigeration, under the trademarks ERI®, Ultra PX™, PX®, Pressure Exchanger®, PX Pressure Exchanger® (“PX”), PX PowerTrain™, VorTeq™, IsoBoost®, AT™, AquaBold™, and PX G1300™. The Company owns, manufactures and/or develops its solutions, in whole or in part, in the United States of America (the “U.S.”).

Basis of Presentation

The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Energy Recovery, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The December 31, 2020 Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was derived from audited financial statements and may not include all disclosures required by GAAP; however, the Company believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.

The September 30, 2021 unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 12, 2021 (the “2020 Annual Report”).

All adjustments consisting of normal recurring adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods have been made. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the full fiscal year or any future periods.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and certain notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, to conform to the current period presentation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, in conformity with GAAP, requires the Company’s management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes.

The accounting policies that reflect the Company’s more significant estimates and judgments and that the Company believes are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating its reported financial results are revenue recognition; valuation of stock options; valuation and impairment of goodwill; inventory; deferred taxes and valuation allowances on deferred tax assets; and evaluation and measurement of contingencies. Those estimates could change, and as a result, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Due to the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, and the impact on the Company’s customers, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. The Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require an update to its estimates or judgments or a revision of the carrying value of its assets or liabilities as of November 5, 2021, the date of issuance of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly these estimates for any reason after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, except as required by law.

Significant Accounting Policies

Except for adopting new accounting pronouncements, as noted under “Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements,” there have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies in Note 1, “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” in the 2020 Annual Report.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU 2019-12”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and also clarifies and amends existing guidance to improve consistent application. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU 2019-12 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU 2020-04”), which provided optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by the discontinuation of the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or by another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The FASB later issued ASU No. 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope, to clarify the scope of Topic 848 so that derivatives affected by the discounting transition are explicitly eligible for certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 (“ASU 2021-01”). Entities may apply the provisions of the new standards as of the beginning of the reporting period when the election is made (i.e., as early as the first quarter of 2020). Unlike other topics, the provisions of this update are only available until December 31, 2022, when the reference rate replacement activity is expected to have been completed. An entity may elect to apply amendments prospectively through December 31, 2022. The optional expedients were available to be used upon issuance of this guidance but the Company has not yet applied the guidance because the Company has not yet modified its existing contract for reference rate reform. The Company does not expect the provisions of ASU 2020-04 or ASU 2021-01 to have a material impact on its financial condition, results of operation, and cash flows.

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 2 — Revenue

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following tables present the disaggregated revenues by product and service line, product revenue by geography based on the “shipped to” addresses of the Company’s customers, product revenue by channel, and product revenue by segment. Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenues. See Note 10, “Segment Reporting,” for further discussion related to the Company’s segments.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Water		Emerging Technologies		Total			Water		Emerging Technologies		Total
	(In thousands)
Revenue by product and service line
PXs, pumps and turbo devices, and other	$	20,767	$	14	$	20,781		$	70,275	$	53	$	70,328






Revenue by primary geographical markets
Middle East and Africa	$	14,825	$	14	$	14,839		$	52,186	$	53	$	52,239
Asia	3,563		—		3,563			13,066		—		13,066
Europe	1,386		—		1,386			2,662		—		2,662
Americas	993		—		993			2,361		—		2,361

Total revenue	$	20,767	$	14	$	20,781		$	70,275	$	53	$	70,328

Product revenue by channel
Megaproject	$	13,261	$	14	$	13,275		$	50,254	$	53	$	50,307
Original equipment manufacturer	4,844		—		4,844			11,909		—		11,909
Aftermarket	2,662		—		2,662			8,112		—		8,112

Total product revenue	$	20,767	$	14	$	20,781		$	70,275	$	53	$	70,328

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q3'2021 Form 10-Q | 8

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Water		Emerging Technologies		Total		Water		Emerging Technologies		Total
	(In thousands)
Revenue by product and service line
PXs, pumps and turbo devices, and other	$	27,408	$	—	$	27,408	$	65,665	$	—	$	65,665

License and development	—		—		—		—		26,895		26,895


Total revenue	$	27,408	$	—	$	27,408	$	65,665	$	26,895	$	92,560

Revenue by primary geographical markets
Middle East and Africa	$	22,667	$	—	$	22,667	$	55,402	$	—	$	55,402
Asia	2,226		—		2,226		3,618		—		3,618
Europe	1,358		—		1,358		3,126		—		3,126
Americas	1,157		—		1,157		3,519		26,895		30,414

Total product revenue	$	27,408	$	—	$	27,408	$	65,665	$	26,895	$	92,560

Product revenue by channel
Megaproject	$	20,725	$	—	$	20,725	$	47,147	$	—	$	47,147
Original equipment manufacturer	4,081		—		4,081		11,687		—		11,687
Aftermarket	2,602		—		2,602		6,831		—		6,831

Total product revenue	$	27,408	$	—	$	27,408	$	65,665	$	—	$	65,665

In June 2020, the Company and Schlumberger Technology Corporation (“Schlumberger”) entered into an agreement to terminate the 2015 license agreement between the Company and Schlumberger (the “VorTeq License Agreement”). The VorTeq License Agreement was entered into to provide Schlumberger with the exclusive worldwide rights to the VorTeq technology. The termination of the VorTeq License Agreement was effective June 1, 2020. As there were no future performance obligations to be recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the effective date, the Company recognized in full the remaining deferred revenue balance of $24.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. In addition, no future license and development revenue was recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.

Contract Balances

The following table presents contract balances by category.



	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable, net	$	13,066	$	11,792
Contract assets:
Contract assets, current (included in prepaid expenses and other assets)	$	—	$	1,309
Contract assets, non-current (included in other assets)	—		583
Total contract assets	$	—	$	1,892

Contract liabilities:








Contract liabilities, current	$	1,452	$	1,552







Contract liabilities, non-current (included in other liabilities)	69		88
Total contract liabilities	$	1,521	$	1,640

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Contract Liabilities

The Company records contract liabilities when cash payments are received in advance of the Company’s performance. The following table presents significant changes in contract liabilities during the period.



	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Contract liabilities, beginning of year	$	1,640	$	28,866
Revenue recognized	(1,300)		(28,414)
Cash received, excluding amounts recognized as revenue during the period	1,181		1,188
Contract liabilities, end of period	$	1,521	$	1,640

Future Performance Obligations

The following table presents the future estimated revenue by year expected to be recognized related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied.


	September 30, 2021
	(In thousands)
2021 (remaining three months)	$	7,890
2022	12,191



Total future performance obligations	$	20,081

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 3 — Net Income Per Share

Net income for the reported period is divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the reported period to calculate basic net income per common share.

•Basic net income per share excludes any dilutive effect of stock options and restricted stock units ("RSU").

•Diluted net income per common share reflects the potential dilution that would occur if outstanding stock options to purchase common stock were exercised for shares of common stock, using the treasury stock method, and the shares of common stock underlying each unvested RSU were issued.

Outstanding stock options to purchase common stock and unvested RSUs are collectively referred to as “stock awards.”

The following table presents the computation of basic and diluted net income per share.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
	(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Numerator
Net income	$	1,071	$	5,387	$	9,006	$	22,934

Denominator (weighted average shares)
Basic common shares outstanding	57,026		55,692		57,053		55,573
Dilutive stock awards	1,683		779		1,732		870
Diluted common shares outstanding	58,709		56,471		58,785		56,443

Net income per share
Basic	$	0.02	$	0.10	$	0.16	$	0.41
Diluted	$	0.02	$	0.10	$	0.15	$	0.41

Certain shares of common stock issuable under stock awards have been omitted from the diluted net income per share calculations because their inclusion is considered anti-dilutive. The following table presents the weighted potential common shares issuable under stock awards that were excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share.


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021	2020	2021	2020
	(In thousands)


Anti-dilutive stock award shares	26	3,033	456	2,700

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 4 — Other Financial Information

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

The Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows explain the changes in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. The following table presents a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(1) reported within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of such amounts presented.



	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020		September 30, 2020
	(In thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	65,745	$	94,255	$	80,149

Restricted cash, non-current (included in other assets, non-current)	103		103		103
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	65,848	$	94,358	$	80,252

(1) The Company pledged and deposited cash amounts into restricted cash accounts in connection with the Company’s credit cards.

Accounts Receivable, net

The following table presents the components of accounts receivable, net.



	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Accounts receivable, gross	$	13,183	$	12,189
Allowance for doubtful accounts (1)	(117)		(397)
Accounts receivable, net	$	13,066	$	11,792

(1) The Company wrote-off $0.3 million of uncollectible receivables, which had been previously reserved as of December 31, 2020, during the second quarter of 2021.

Inventories, net

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, using the first-in, first-out method. The following table presents gross inventory by category and reconciliation to net inventory.



	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Raw materials	$	6,515	$	4,647
Work in process	3,423		2,475
Finished goods	11,181		5,160
Inventories, gross	21,119		12,282
Valuation adjustments for excess and obsolete inventory	(562)		(534)
Inventories, net	$	20,557	$	11,748

The Company has increased its raw material inventory according to its production forecast and to ensure there is sufficient raw material supply to mitigate any supply chain issues, such as potential shipment delays related to port congestion, and/or supplier material and labor shortages. The Company has increased its finished goods inventory according to its shipment forecast as well as increasing inventory for future demand while maintaining reasonable minimums to be able react to certain market conditions.

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets



	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Contract assets	$	—	$	1,309
Cloud computing arrangement implementation costs	1,080		1,087
Supplier advances	2,110		996






Other prepaid expenses and other assets	2,351		1,558
Total prepaid expenses and other assets	$	5,541	$	4,950

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets



	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Goodwill	$	12,790	$	12,790



Other intangible assets, net	40		49
Total goodwill and other intangible assets	$	12,830	$	12,839

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually in the third quarter of the Company’s fiscal year or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist. The recoverability of goodwill is measured at the reporting unit level, which represents the operating segment.

On July 1, 2021, the Company estimated the fair value of its reporting units using both the discounted cash flow and market approaches. The forecast of future cash flows, which are based on the Company’s best estimate of future net sales and operating expenses, are based primarily on expected category expansion, pricing, market segment, and general economic conditions. The Company incorporates other significant inputs to its fair value calculations, including discount rate and market multiples, to reflect current market conditions. The analysis performed indicated that the fair value of each reporting unit that is allocated goodwill significantly exceeds its carrying value. As a result, no impairment charge was recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2021. The Company continues to actively monitor the industries in which it operates and its business performance for indicators of potential impairment.

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities



	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Payroll, incentives and commissions payable	$	6,719	$	8,400
Warranty reserve	830		760









Other accrued expenses and other liabilities	2,033		2,656
Total accrued expenses and other liabilities	$	9,582	$	11,816

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 5 — Investments and Fair Value Measurements

Available-for-Sale Investments

The Company’s investments in investment-grade short-term and long-term high-quality marketable debt instruments, such as U.S. treasury securities, and corporate notes and bonds, are classified as available-for-sale. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, available-for-sale investments were classified on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as either short-term and/or long-term investments.

The classification of available-for-sale investments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and definition of each of these classifications are provided in Note 1, “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Significant Accounting Policies,” subsections “Cash and Cash Equivalents” and “Short-term and Long-term Investments,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” in the 2020 Annual Report.

Expected maturities can differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay obligations without prepayment penalties. The Company generally holds available-for-sale investments until maturity; however, from time-to-time, the Company may elect to sell certain available-for-sale investments prior to contractual maturity.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

All of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities are remeasured and reported at fair value at each reporting period, and are classified and disclosed in one of the following three pricing category levels:

Level 1 — Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 — Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs in which little or no market activity exists, thereby requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing.

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

The following table presents the Company’s financial assets measured on a recurring basis by contractual maturity, including pricing category, amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value.


		September 30, 2021								December 31, 2020
	Pricing Category	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
		(In thousands)
Cash equivalents
Money market securities	Level 1	$	41,841	$	—	$	—	$	41,841	$	59,132	$	—	$	—	$	59,132




Total cash equivalents		41,841		—		—		41,841		59,132		—		—		59,132

Short-term investments
U.S. treasury securities	Level 2	10,000		—		—		10,000		1,614		7		—		1,621

Corporate notes and bonds	Level 2	31,910		4		(14)		31,900		18,708		117		—		18,825

Total short-term investments		41,910		4		(14)		41,900		20,322		124		—		20,446

Long-term investments


Corporate notes and bonds	Level 2	766		—		(1)		765		—		—		—		—

Total long-term investments		766		—		(1)		765		—		—		—		—
Total short and long-term investments		42,676		4		(15)		42,665		20,322		124		—		20,446
Total		$	84,517	$	4	$	(15)	$	84,506	$	79,454	$	124	$	—	$	79,578

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had no financial liabilities and no Level 3 financial assets. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company had no transfers of financial assets between any levels.

The following table presents a summary of the fair value and gross unrealized losses on the available-for-sale securities that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, aggregated by type of investment instrument. The available-for-sale securities that were in an unrealized gain position have been excluded from the table.


	September 30, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
	(In thousands)


Corporate notes and bonds	$	25,873	$	(15)	$	—	$	—

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Sales of Available-for-Sale Investments

The following table presents the sales of available-for-sale investments. There were no sales of securities and realized gains on sales of securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
	(In thousands)



Corporate notes and bonds	$	—	$	806	$	—	$	10,573

Realized gains on sales of securities were immaterial during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 6 — Lines of Credit

Stand-by Letters of Credit

The Company entered into a loan and pledge agreement with a financial institution during January 2017, which has been amended multiple times to accommodate the growth of the Company (the original loan and pledge agreement and its subsequent amendments are hereinafter referred to as the “Loan and Pledge Agreement”). Under the Loan and Pledge Agreement, the Company is allowed to issue stand-by letters of credit (“SBLCs”) up to one year past the expiration date of the Loan and Pledge Agreement and to hold SBLCs with other financial institutions up to an aggregate amount of $5.1 million. SBLCs have a term limit of three years, are secured by pledged U.S. investments, and do not have any cash collateral balance requirements. SBLCs are deducted from the total revolving credit line under the Loan and Pledge Agreement and are subject to a non-refundable quarterly fee that is in an amount equal to 0.7% per annum of the face amount of the outstanding SBLCs.

The following table presents the outstanding SBLCs issued by the Company related to product warranty and performance guarantees to its customers.



	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Outstanding stand-by letters of credit	$	14,065	$	13,266

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 7 — Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Lease Obligations

The following table presents a summary of operating lease, right of use assets and lease liabilities.



	September 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(In thousands)
Operating lease, right of use asset	$	15,021	$	16,090

Lease liabilities, current	$	1,518	$	1,243
Lease liabilities, non-current	15,284		16,443
Total lease liability	$	16,802	$	17,686

The Company leases office, warehouse and manufacturing facilities under operating leases that expire on various dates through fiscal year 2030.

The following table presents operating lease activities related to all leased properties.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Operating lease expense	$	643	$	669	$	1,928	$	1,940
Cash payments	647		655		1,783		1,763
Non-cash lease liabilities arising from obtaining right-of-use assets	—		—		—		6,384

The following table presents other information related to outstanding operating leases as of September 30, 2021.

Weighted average remaining lease term

7.7 years

Weighted average discount rate

7.0%

The following table presents the minimum lease payments by year under noncancelable operating leases, exclusive of executory costs.


	September 30, 2021
	(In thousands)
2021 (remaining three months)	$	647
2022	2,650
2023	2,580
2024	2,812
2025	2,736
2026 and thereafter	10,462
Total future minimum lease payments	21,887
Less imputed lease interest	(5,085)
Total lease liabilities	$	16,802

Energy Recovery, Inc. | Q3'2021 Form 10-Q | 18

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Warranty

The following table presents the changes in the Company’s accrued product warranty reserve.


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Warranty reserve balance, beginning of period	$	809	$	673	$	760	$	631
Warranty costs charged to cost of revenue	104		143		312		316
Utilization charges against reserve	(1)		(5)		(14)		(7)
Release of accrual related to expired warranties	(82)		(64)		(228)		(193)
Warranty reserve balance, end of period	$	830	$	747	$	830	$	747

Purchase Obligations

The Company has purchase order arrangements with its vendors for which the Company has not received the related goods or services as of September 30, 2021. These arrangements are subject to change based on the Company’s sales demand forecasts. The Company has the right to cancel the arrangements prior to the date of delivery. The purchase order arrangements are related to various raw materials and component parts, as well as capital equipment. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had approximately $8.7 million of such open cancellable purchase order arrangements.

Litigation

The Company is named in and subject to various proceedings and claims in connection with its business. The outcome of matters the Company has been, and currently is, involved in cannot be determined at this time, and the results cannot be predicted with certainty. There can be no assurance that these matters will not have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations in any future period, and a significant judgment could have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The Company may in the future become involved in additional litigation in the ordinary course of business, including litigation that could be material to its business.

The Company considers all claims on a quarterly basis and, based on known facts, assesses whether potential losses are considered reasonably possible, probable and estimable. Based upon this assessment, the Company then evaluates disclosure requirements and whether to accrue for such claims in its consolidated financial statements. The Company records a provision for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. These provisions are reviewed at least quarterly and are adjusted to reflect the impacts of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular case. As of September 30, 2021, there were no material losses which were probable or reasonably possible.

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 8 — Income Taxes


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
	(In thousands, except percentages)
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes	$	393		$	796		$	(990)		$	5,297
Discrete items	9			28			2,364			(54)
Provision for income taxes, excluding discrete items	$	402		$	824		$	1,374		$	5,243
Effective tax rate	26.8		%	12.9		%	(12.4		%)	18.8		%
Effective tax rate, excluding discrete items	27.5		%	13.4		%	17.2		%	18.6		%

The Company’s tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of its annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that arise during the period. Each quarter, the Company updates its estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual effective tax rate changes, the Company makes a cumulative adjustment in such period. The Company’s quarterly tax provision and estimate of its annual effective tax rate are subject to variation due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting its pre-tax income or loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, intercompany transactions, the applicability of special tax regimes, and changes in how the Company does business.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the recognized income tax benefit included a benefit primarily related to the U.S. federal research and development (“R&D”) tax credit and a discrete tax benefit due primarily to stock-based compensation windfalls. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the recognized income tax charge included a discrete tax charge related to the termination of the VorTeq License Agreement, partially offset by a benefit primarily related to the U.S. federal R&D tax credit and a discrete tax benefit due primarily to stock-based compensation windfalls.

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, is largely related to the discrete tax benefit from stock-based compensation windfall tax deductions. Excluding the discrete tax benefit in both nine month periods presented, the effective tax rate was comparable.

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 9 — Stockholders’ Equity

Share Repurchase Program

On March 9, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program under which the Company may repurchase, at the discretion of management, up to $50.0 million in aggregate cost of the Company’s outstanding common stock (the “March 2021 Authorization”). Under the March 2021 Authorization, purchases of shares of common stock may be made from time to time in the open market, or in privately negotiated transactions, in compliance with applicable state and federal securities laws. The timing and amounts of any purchases will be based on market conditions and other factors including price, regulatory requirements, and capital availability. The March 2021 Authorization does not obligate the Company to acquire any specific number of shares in any period, and may be expanded, extended, modified or discontinued at any time without prior notice. The Company accounts for stock repurchases using the cost method. The aggregate cost includes fees and expenses charged in connection with acquiring the shares.

The following table presents the share repurchase activities and remaining program balance under the March 2021 Authorization as of September 30, 2021.


	Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share(1)		Plan Activity
				(In thousands)
March 2021 Authorization				$	50,000
Repurchases under March 2021 Authorization	952,666	$	17.99	(17,156)
Remaining amount under March 2021 Authorization				$	32,844

(1) Excluding commissions

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 10 — Segment Reporting

The Company’s chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) is its chief executive officer. The Company continues to monitor and review its segment reporting structure in accordance with authoritative guidance to determine whether any changes have occurred that would impact its reportable segments. As a result of the evolution of the Company’s products, operations and research and development efforts in new product development, and the way in which the CODM manages and assesses the performance of the business, starting in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, the Company realigned its segment reporting and has recast the prior year amounts for comparability. In addition, to better align the activities of the segments, the Company has re-allocated certain corporate resources to the segments’ operations.

Income and type of expense activities that are included in the Water and Emerging Technologies segments and corporate operating expenses are as follows:

Water segment: The continued development, sales and support of the PX, hydraulic turbochargers and pumps used in seawater desalination and industrial wastewater activities.

Emerging Technologies segment: The continued development, sales and support of activities related to emerging technologies, such as the PX G1300 used in industrial and commercial refrigeration applications; the VorTeq used in the oil and gas markets; the ISOBoost used in natural gas processing; and certain other new products.

Corporate operating expenses: Corporate activities outside of the operating segments, such as audit and accounting expenses, general legal costs, board of director fees and expenses, and other separately managed general expenses not related to the identified segments.

Segment Financial Information

For each of the periods presented in the following tables, operating income (loss) for each segment excludes other income and expenses, and corporate operating expenses not included in how the CODM assesses the performance of the operating segments, such as income taxes and other separately managed expenses not attributed to the operating segments. Assets and liabilities are reviewed at the consolidated level by the CODM and are not attributed to the segments. The CODM allocates resources to, and assesses the performance of, each operating segment using information about its revenue and operating income.

The following tables present a summary of the Company’s financial information by segment and corporate operating expenses.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
	Water		Emerging Technologies		Total		Water		Emerging Technologies		Total
	(In thousands)
Product revenue	$	20,767	$	14	$	20,781	$	70,275	$	53	$	70,328
Product cost of revenue	6,089		—		6,089		22,251		—		22,251
Product gross profit	14,678		14		14,692		48,024		53		48,077



Operating expenses
General and administrative	1,435		1,373		2,808		4,768		3,854		8,622
Sales and marketing	2,250		327		2,577		6,535		735		7,270
Research and development	762		3,654		4,416		1,858		11,484		13,342
Amortization of intangible assets	2		—		2		9		—		9

Total operating expenses	4,449		5,354		9,803		13,170		16,073		29,243

Operating income (loss)	$	10,229	$	(5,340)	4,889		$	34,854	$	(16,020)	18,834

Less: Corporate operating expenses					3,462						10,976
Income from operations					1,427						7,858
Other income, net					37						158
Income before income taxes					$	1,464					$	8,016

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 (Recast)						Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 (Recast)
	Water		Emerging Technologies		Total		Water		Emerging Technologies		Total
	(In thousands)
Product revenue	$	27,408	$	—	$	27,408	$	65,665	$	—	$	65,665
Product cost of revenue	7,816		—		7,816		20,049		—		20,049
Product gross profit	19,592		—		19,592		45,616		—		45,616

License and development revenue (1)	—		—		—		—		26,895		26,895

Operating expenses
General and administrative	2,371		1,359		3,730		6,417		4,001		10,418
Sales and marketing	1,507		327		1,834		4,307		901		5,208
Research and development	723		4,375		5,098		2,585		15,574		18,159
Amortization of intangible assets	4		—		4		12		—		12
Impairment of long-lived assets	—		—		—		—		2,332		2,332
Total operating expenses	4,605		6,061		10,666		13,321		22,808		36,129

Operating income (loss)	$	14,987	$	(6,061)	8,926		$	32,295	$	4,087	36,382

Less: Corporate operating expenses					2,848						8,901
Income from operations					6,078						27,481
Other income, net					105						750
Income before income taxes					$	6,183					$	28,231

(1) In June 2020, the Company and Schlumberger entered into an agreement to terminate the VorTeq License Agreement. The termination of the VorTeq License Agreement was effective June 1, 2020. As there were no future performance obligations to be recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the effective date, the Company recognized in full the remaining deferred revenue balance of $24.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. In addition, no future license and development revenue was recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.

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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 11 — Concentrations

Product Revenue

The following table presents customers accounting for 10% or more of product revenue by segment. Although certain customers might account for greater than 10% of product revenue at any one point in time, the concentration of product revenue between a limited number of customers shifts regularly, depending on contract negotiations. The percentages by customer reflect specific relationships or contracts that would concentrate product revenue for the periods presented and does not indicate a trend specific to any one customer.


		Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	Segment	2021	2020	2021	2020
Customer A	Water	**	28%	**	24%
Customer B	Water	20%	30%	19%	27%
Customer C	Water	**	**	16%	12%
Customer D	Water	25%	**	12%	**

** Zero or less than 10%.

License and Development Revenue

There was no Emerging Technologies segment customer license and development revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The Emerging Technologies segment had one international customer, Schlumberger, which accounted for 100% of the license and development revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. See Note 2, “Revenue,” for further discussion related to the termination of the VorTeq License Agreement.

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Item 2 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

We create technologies that solve complex challenges for industrial fluid-flow markets worldwide. Building on our pressure exchanger technology platform, we design and manufacture solutions that improve operational efficiency by reducing waste, energy consumption and costs across a range of industrial processes. What began as a game-changing invention for desalination has grown into a global business advancing the environmental sustainability of our customers’ operations in multiple industries. We are a global team with sales and on-site technical support available worldwide, and we maintain international direct sales offices and technical support centers to service the European, Middle Eastern and Asian markets.

Our core technology is the pressure exchanger. Our pressure exchanger technology efficiently transfers energy between high-pressure and low-pressure liquid or gas through continuously rotating ducts. Our PX® Pressure Exchanger® (“PX”) can operate in both low-pressure and high-pressure environments between 1,000 pounds per square inch (“psi”), or 70 bar, and up to approximately 10,000 psi, or 700 bar. Our pressure exchanger technology can also handle a variety of relatively clean to dirty liquids, and we are actively developing capabilities to handle gases. When applied to industrial systems with pressure differentials, our pressure exchanger technology can provide certain benefits including our customers’ ability to reduce capital expenditures and energy use, which leads to lower carbon emissions, as well as lower operating costs.

Engineering and research and development (“R&D”) have been, and remain, an essential part of our history, culture and corporate strategy. Since our formation, we have developed leading technology and engineering expertise through the continual evolution of our pressure exchanger technology, which can improve productivity by reducing waste and energy consumption in high-pressure industrial fluid-flow systems. This versatile technology powers several of our products, including our flagship PX energy recovery device (“ERD”), which we believe is the industry standard for energy recovery in the seawater reverse osmosis desalination (“SWRO”) industry. Today, we continue to push the boundaries of our pressure exchanger technology to handle different operating environments and industrial applications. Leveraging our proven pressure exchanger technology platform, we are identifying new ways to solve and developing new solutions for solving challenges for critical industries, such as industrial wastewater treatment, commercial and industrial refrigeration, natural gas processing and hydraulic fracturing.

Quarterly Highlights

The decrease in product revenues during the quarter, as compared to the same period in 2020, was as expected due primarily to the project timeline of megaproject (“MPD”) channel shipments, which can fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter. Management anticipates continued growth based on existing backlog, as well as the increasing need to expand potential water production globally and the increased purchases of product for continued plant maintenance in advance of the anticipation of an economic recovery and greenfield projects in industries affected by the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, such as travel and hospitality. The 2021 year-to-date total revenues, as compared to the 2020 year-to-date total revenues, was lower due primarily to the elimination of license and development revenue in 2021, of which none was recognized after the termination of the VorTeq License Agreement in the second quarter of 2020.

Our PX G1300™ has moved into the next phase of development, which will involve holding field trials at commercial refrigeration sites. During the quarter, we have had many fruitful conversations with U.S. and international grocery chains and manufacturers, and have recently entered into an agreement to deploy our PX G1300 energy recovery device to a grocery store in California. We expect increased sales and marketing (“S&M”) expenditures for the balance of 2021 and 2022 related to these endeavors.

The world has been experiencing significant inflationary and supply chain issues in recent months. To date, we have remained materially unaffected by these events. We cannot protect ourselves from all risks but have been proactively working to mitigate risks where possible. We are working with customers to ensure timely delivery of product, by adjusting shipping schedules, where necessary, to avoid disruptions to our end customers. In addition, in anticipation of such issues, we have increased our raw material inventory to alleviate or avoid any external shocks on our ability to manufacture and ship products to customers. These decisions have increased inventory levels above historic trends, nearly doubling inventory values. This has not only alleviated supply chain issues, but has also had the positive effect of delaying the impact of raw material inflation, and in some cases, reduce raw material costs due to higher volume purchases.

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During the quarter, we released our second annual Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) report, which details our efforts to accelerate the environmental sustainability of our customers’ operations and enhance management of ESG issues in our own operations. We understand the importance of being a responsible corporate citizen and believe our ESG program provides us with a strategic roadmap to become a more sustainable and resilient business. Our ESG report outlines our ESG commitments and aligns to leading sustainability frameworks and reporting standards, including the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board as well as select disclosures from the Global Reporting Initiative and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

As part of our efforts to transparently communicate our ESG performance to our stakeholders, in September 2021, we hosted an ESG-focused webinar, “Charting Sustainable Growth with ESG Principles,” in which our Company leaders reviewed highlights of our ESG program and how ESG is linked to driving long-term, sustainable growth for us and our stakeholders.

Our complete 2020 ESG report can be found on our website at: https://energyrecovery.com/about-us/environmental-social-governance/.

Segments

We continue to monitor and review our segment reporting structure in accordance with authoritative guidance to determine whether any changes have occurred that would impact our reportable segments. As a result of the evolution of our products, operations and R&D efforts in new product development, such as industrial and commercial refrigeration applications, and the way in which our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) manages and assesses the performance of the business, starting in the first quarter of fiscal year 2021, we realigned our segment reporting and have recast the prior year amounts for comparability. In addition, to better align the activities of the segments, we have re-allocated certain corporate resources to the segments’ operations.

Water

Our Water segment includes the continued development, sales and support of the PX, hydraulic turbochargers and pumps used in seawater desalination and industrial wastewater activities. Our Water segment revenue is principally derived from the sale of ERDs and high-pressure and circulation pumps to the MPD, original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) and aftermarket (“AM”) channels. MPD sales are typically made to global engineering, procurement and construction (“EPC”) firms to build very large desalination plants worldwide. Our typical MPD sale primarily consists of our PX ERD. Each MPD sale represents revenue opportunities generally ranging from $1 million to $18 million. Our packaged solutions to OEMs include our PX, hydraulic turbochargers, high-pressure pumps and circulation booster pumps for integration and use in small to medium-sized desalination plants. OEM projects typically represent revenue opportunities of up to $1 million. Our existing and expanding installed base of ERD and pump products in water plants has created a growing customer base comprised of plant operators and service providers who purchase spare parts, replacement parts and service contracts through the AM channel.

During the quarter, we announced:

•Contract awards totaling over $6.0 million for our PX ERDs and related equipment and services to multiple SWRO desalination facilities in Asia. Asia’s need for clean water is intensifying, driven by population growth, industrialization, rapid urbanization, and climate change.

•New awards to support the industrial wastewater treatment operations of lithium-ion battery manufacturing, chemical manufacturing and landfill leachate facilities in China. All three industrial wastewater treatment facilities will purchase our Ultra PX™ ERD, while the lithium-ion battery facility will also purchase our PX ERDs. In countries that are adopting stringent liquid discharge limits, such as China, the Ultra PX enables customers to optimize their wastewater treatment process for Minimal Liquid Discharge and Zero Liquid Discharge.

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Emerging Technologies

Our Emerging Technologies segment includes the continued development, sales and support of activities related to emerging technologies, such as the PX G1300 used in industrial and commercial refrigeration applications; the VorTeq used in the oil and gas markets; the ISOBoost used in natural gas processing; and certain other new products.

Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration. The global refrigeration industry is a leading user and emitter of hydrofluorocarbons (“HFCs”), which are a group of powerful man-made greenhouse gases that can impact global warming thousands of times more than carbon dioxide (“CO2”). More than 120 countries have signed on to the Kigali Amendment, an amendment to the Montreal Protocol, which states the goal of reducing the production and consumption of HFCs. In 2021, the United States of America (the “U.S.”) and China have publicly committed to signing the Kigali Amendment. In addition, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announced on May 3, 2021 its intention to reduce the production and consumption of HFCs within the timeline indicated in the Montreal Protocol for developed nations. For the refrigeration industry, phasing out HFCs means moving to natural refrigerants such as ammonia or CO2. CO2 is stable and more benign, and therefore the safer choice; however CO2 works at much higher pressures and requires more energy than HFCs, thereby increasing the operating cost of a CO2 refrigeration system. The challenge today is to make the CO2 refrigeration systems less costly and more efficient in order to compete economically with incumbent refrigerants.

We believe our pressure exchanger technology can significantly help reduce the operating costs of CO2 refrigeration systems by recycling the pressure energy of CO2 gas, much as we do with seawater in SWRO, thereby significantly reducing the energy needed to operate these systems. Based upon results from our testing, we believe that we will be able to achieve efficiencies across a wider range of temperatures that exceed incumbent CO2 refrigeration technologies, thereby easing this transition to CO2 in the coming years. We will continue development of this technology throughout 2021 with the goal of placing our product in a commercial setting as soon as R&D and testing is completed.

In September 2021, we joined the North American Sustainable Refrigeration Council (the “NASRC”). The NASRC is an action-oriented non-profit charity, as defined under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code 501(c)(3), working in partnership with the supermarket industry to create a climate-friendly future for refrigeration by eliminating the barriers to natural refrigerant adoption in supermarkets. Natural refrigerants, such as ammonia, hydrocarbons, and CO2, have near-zero Global Warming Potential (“GWP”), making it the safest climate-friendly alternative to HFCs, which have a GWP into the thousands.

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Results of Operations

A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, is presented below.

Total Revenue


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021				2020
	$		% of Total Revenue		$		% of Total Revenue		Change
	(In thousands, except percentages)



Product revenue	$	20,781	100	%	$	27,408	100	%	$	(6,627)	(24	%)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021				2020
	$		% of Total Revenue		$		% of Total Revenue		Change
	(In thousands, except percentages)



Product revenue	$	70,328	100	%	$	65,665	71	%	$	4,663	7	%
License and development revenue	—		—	%	26,895		29	%	(26,895)		(100	%)
Total revenue	$	70,328	100	%	$	92,560	100	%	$	(22,232)	(24	%)

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Product Revenue

Variability in product revenue from quarter to quarter is typical, therefore year-on-year quarterly and year-to-date comparisons are not necessarily indicative of the trend for the full year due to these variations. Product revenues by channel customers are presented in the following tables.


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021				2020
	$		% of Product Revenue		$		% of Product Revenue		Change
	(In thousands, except percentages)

Megaproject	$	13,275	64	%	$	20,725	76	%	$	(7,450)	(36	%)
Original equipment manufacturer	4,844		23	%	4,081		15	%	763		19	%
Aftermarket	2,662		13	%	2,602		9	%	60		2	%

Total product revenue	$	20,781	100	%	$	27,408	100	%	$	(6,627)	(24	%)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021				2020
	$		% of Product Revenue		$		% of Product Revenue		Change
	(In thousands, except percentages)

Megaproject	$	50,307	72	%	$	47,147	72	%	$	3,160	7	%
Original equipment manufacturer	11,909		17	%	11,687		18	%	222		2	%
Aftermarket	8,112		12	%	6,831		10	%	1,281		19	%

Total product revenue	$	70,328	100	%	$	65,665	100	%	$	4,663	7	%

The MPD channel continues to be the main driver of our long-term growth as revenue from this channel benefits from the higher quantity of larger projects as well as long project cycles. Comparative differences over the prior year’s revenue are subject to timing of delivery of PXs, which is dependent on the MPD project shipment cycle.

The OEM channel, where we sell into a number of industries, including tourism and hospitality, and which contains projects of shorter duration, saw a continued increase since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The increases in OEM channel revenues over the prior year were due primarily to certain new large greenfield plant installations and brownfield retrofits, which include upgrades to existing operations leveraging our pressure exchanger technology and ancillary equipment. In addition, we are starting to recognize revenues from industrial wastewater, albeit minimal in this early stage. In fiscal year 2020, OEM channel revenues were negatively affected by delayed new plant construction related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The AM channel revenues fluctuate from quarter-to-quarter depending on support and services rendered to our customers; however, on a year-to-date basis, revenue from this channel has been steady due to our large installation base. During the first three quarters of the year, we experienced a marked increase in AM activity, which we believe is a result of our customers consuming their existing spare parts inventory and strategically increasing their stock of critical components in advance of greater expected water needs in the second half of 2021 and early 2022. In fiscal year 2020, AM channel revenues were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic as budgets tightened and companies braced for the unknown.

License and Development Revenue

The change in license and development revenue was due to the termination of the 2015 license agreement (the “VorTeq License Agreement”) between us and Schlumberger Technology Corporation (“Schlumberger”), with an effective date of June 1, 2020. As there were no future performance obligations to be recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the effective date, we recognized in full the remaining deferred revenue balance of $24.4 million in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020. In addition, no future license and development revenue was recognized under the VorTeq License Agreement after the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.

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Product Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Product gross profit represents our product revenue less our product cost of revenue. Our product cost of revenue consists primarily of raw materials, personnel costs (including share-based compensation), manufacturing overhead, warranty costs, depreciation expense and manufactured components.


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021				2020
	$		Gross Margin		$		Gross Margin		Change in Product Gross Profit
	(In thousands, except percentages)


Product gross profit and gross margin	$	14,692	70.6	%	$	19,592	71.5	%	$	(4,900)	(25.0	%)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021				2020
	$		Gross Margin		$		Gross Margin		Change in Product Gross Profit
	(In thousands, except percentages)


Product gross profit and gross margin	$	48,077	68.4	%	$	45,616	69.5	%	$	2,461	5.4	%

The decrease in product gross profit during the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in the prior year, was due primarily to lower sales to MPD customers, lower revenues partially related to the mix in products shipped, and a decrease in product gross margin. The increase in product gross profit during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same period in the prior year, was due primarily to higher revenues related to increased units of PXs, pumps and turbochargers sold, partially offset by a decrease in product gross margin. The gross margin gains from the lower COVID-19 pandemic costs and the operational efficiencies we implemented in 2021 were more than offset by rising labor and overhead costs, and product mix.

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Operating Expenses

Total Operating Expenses

Operating expenses as a percentage of total revenue was higher in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to the same periods in the prior year, due primarily to the acceleration of license and development revenue related to the termination of the VorTeq License Agreement in the second quarter of fiscal year 2020.


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2021				2020
	$		% of Total Revenue		$		% of Total Revenue		Change
	(In thousands, except percentages)


General and administrative	$	5,851	28	%	$	6,271	23	%	$	(420)	(7	%)
Sales and marketing	2,996		14	%	2,141		8	%	855		40	%
Research and development	4,416		21	%	5,098		19	%	(682)		(13	%)
Amortization of intangible assets	2		—	%	4		—	%	(2)		(50	%)




Total operating expenses	$	13,265	64	%	$	13,514	49	%	$	(249)	(2	%)

General and Administrative Expenses. The decrease in general and administrative (“G&A”) expenses was due primarily to lower employee incentive compensation expense and consultant costs.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. The increase in S&M expenses was due primarily to higher employee-related expenses, marketing and other costs. The higher employee-related costs were due to an increase in employee compensation cost, share-based compensation expense and other employee-related expenses, partially offset by a decrease in sales commissions.

Research and Development Expenses. The decrease in R&D expenses was due primarily to lower testing supplies expenditures of $0.5 million as we decreased testing activities on VorTeq, partially offset by testing activities related to refrigeration and other new initiatives, and lower employee compensation and incentive expenses.

Amortization of Intangible Assets. Amortization of intangible assets was comparable to the prior year.


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021				2020
	$		% of Total Revenue		$		% of Total Revenue		Change
	(In thousands, except percentages)


General and administrative	$	18,632	27	%	$	18,751	20	%	$	(119)	(1	%)
Sales and marketing	8,236		12	%	5,776		6	%	2,460		43	%
Research and development	13,342		19	%	18,159		20	%	(4,817)		(27	%)
Amortization of intangible assets	9		—	%	12		—	%	(3)		(25	%)

Impairment of long-lived assets	—		—	%	2,332		3	%	(2,332)		(100	%)


Total operating expenses	$	40,219	57	%	$	45,030	49	%	$	(4,811)	(11	%)

General and Administrative Expenses. The decrease in G&A expenses was due primarily to lower employee-related costs and professional service costs, partially offset by higher legal fees and other costs.

Sales and Marketing Expenses. The increase in S&M expenses was due primarily to higher employee-related costs of $1.5 million and higher marketing costs, including trade shows and marketing materials, and an increase in other costs. The higher employee-related costs were due primarily to higher employee compensation costs, share-based compensation expense, incentive compensation expenses, and other employee-related expenses.

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Research and Development Expenses. The decrease in R&D expenses was due primarily to lower testing supplies expenditures of $4.0 million related to the reduced development of the VorTeq technology, which had been reduced since the second half of 2020. The lower VorTeq-related expenditures in 2021 were partially offset by increased costs to support our incubation initiatives. In addition, R&D expenses in the current year, as compared to the prior year, included a decrease in employee compensation costs, and lower depreciation expenses primarily related to the impairment of certain VorTeq-related assets in 2020.

Amortization of Intangible Assets. Amortization of intangible assets was comparable to the prior year.

Impairment of Long-lived Assets. During the three months ended June 30, 2020, we conducted an analysis on certain VorTeq long-lived assets that were directly related to obligations under the VorTeq License Agreement and determined that certain of those assets were impaired. The net carrying value of the impaired VorTeq-related machinery and equipment of $2.3 million was recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Segment and Corporate Operating Expenses

Expense activities that are included in our Water and Emerging Technologies segments and corporate operating expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 are presented below. See Note 10, “Segment Reporting,” of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements (unaudited),” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the “Notes”) for further discussion regarding our segments.


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021								Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 (Recast)
	Water		Emerging Technologies		Corporate		Total		Water		Emerging Technologies		Corporate		Total
	(In thousands)

General and administrative	$	1,435	$	1,373	$	3,043	$	5,851	$	2,371	$	1,359	$	2,541	$	6,271
Sales and marketing	2,250		327		419		2,996		1,507		327		307		2,141
Research and development	762		3,654		—		4,416		723		4,375		—		5,098
Amortization of intangible assets	2		—		—		2		4		—		—		4

Total operating expenses	$	4,449	$	5,354	$	3,462	$	13,265	$	4,605	$	6,061	$	2,848	$	13,514

Water Segment. The decrease in the Water segment operating expenses was due primarily to lower G&A expenses, partially offset by an increase in S&M expenses, related to lower employee-related costs.

Emerging Technologies Segment. The decrease in the Emerging Technologies segment operating expenses was due primarily to lower R&D expenses, specifically lower VorTeq-related expenditures of $1.4 million, which was partially offset by higher expenditures for development of industrial and commercial refrigeration of $0.7 million.

Corporate Operating Expenses. The increase of corporate operating expenses was due primarily to higher share-based compensation expense, and legal, consulting and other costs.

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	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021								Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 (Recast)
	Water		Emerging Technologies		Corporate		Total		Water		Emerging Technologies		Corporate		Total
	(In thousands)

General and administrative	$	4,768	$	3,854	$	10,010	$	18,632	$	6,417	$	4,001	$	8,333	$	18,751
Sales and marketing	6,535		735		966		8,236		4,307		901		568		5,776
Research and development	1,858		11,484		—		13,342		2,585		15,574		—		18,159
Amortization of intangible assets	9		—		—		9		12		—		—		12
Impairment of long-lived assets	—		—		—		—		—		2,332		—		2,332
Total operating expenses	$	13,170	$	16,073	$	10,976	$	40,219	$	13,321	$	22,808	$	8,901	$	45,030

Water Segment. The decrease in the Water segment operating expenses was due primarily to lower overall G&A and R&D costs, driven by a decrease in employee-related costs and share-based compensation. These costs were partially offset by higher overall S&M costs, driven primarily by higher employee compensation and employee benefits costs, and share-based compensation and incentive compensation expense.

Emerging Technologies Segment. The decrease of Emerging Technologies segment operating expenses was due primarily to reduced VorTeq-related expense of $6.8 million, which was partially offset by an increase of expenditures for development of industrial and commercial refrigeration of $2.4 million. Total VorTeq-related expense was $9.4 million during 2021, including R&D expenditures of $7.2 million.

Corporate Operating Expenses. The increase of corporate operating expenses was due primarily to higher share-based compensation expense, employee compensation costs, incentive compensation expense, legal costs, and other costs, partially offset by lower recruiting costs related to our chief executive officer search in fiscal year 2020.

Other Income, Net


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020			2021		2020

	(In thousands)



Interest income	$	36		$	134				$	179	$	809

Other non-operating expense, net	1			(29)					(21)		(59)
Total other income, net	$	37		$	105				$	158	$	750

Total other income, net decreased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, due primarily to lower interest income. Our investment strategy, starting in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020 through the second quarter of 2021, shifted from debt investments to investments in money market funds due primarily to the uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Starting in the third quarter of 2021, we shifted our investments in money market funds back to debt investments due to the strengthening of the economic environment.

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Income Taxes


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021			2020				2021	2020
	(In thousands, except percentages)
(Benefit from) provision for income taxes	$	393		$	796				$	(990)		$	5,297
Discrete items	9			28					2,364			(54)
Provision for income taxes, excluding discrete items	$	402		$	824				$	1,374		$	5,243
Effective tax rate	26.8		%	12.9		%			(12.4		%)	18.8		%
Effective tax rate, excluding discrete items	27.5		%	13.4		%			17.2		%	18.6		%

The tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that arise during the period. Each quarter, we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if the estimated annual effective tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment in such period. The quarterly tax provision and estimate of our annual effective tax rate are subject to variation due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting our pre-tax income or loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, intercompany transactions, the applicability of special tax regimes, and changes in how we do business.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the recognized income tax benefit included a benefit primarily related to the U.S. federal R&D tax credit and a discrete tax benefit due primarily to stock-based compensation windfalls. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the recognized income tax charge included a discrete tax charge related to the termination of the VorTeq License Agreement, partially offset by a benefit primarily related to the U.S. federal R&D tax credit and a discrete tax benefit due primarily to stock-based compensation windfalls.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

From time to time, management and our Board of Directors reviews our liquidity and future cash needs and may make a decision on (1) the return of capital to our shareholders through a share repurchase program or dividend payout; or (2) seek additional debt or equity financing. As of September 30, 2021, our principal sources of liquidity consisted of (i) unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $65.7 million; (ii) investment-grade short-term and long-term high-quality marketable debt instruments of $42.7 million that are primarily invested in U.S. treasury securities, and corporate notes and bonds; and (iii) accounts receivable, net of allowances, of $13.1 million. As of September 30, 2021, there were unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $0.9 million held outside the U.S. We invest cash not needed for current operations predominantly in high-quality, investment-grade, marketable debt instruments with the intent to make such funds available for operating purposes as needed. Although these securities are available for sale, we generally hold these securities to maturity, and therefore, do not currently see a need to trade these securities in order to support our liquidity needs in the foreseeable future. The risk of this portfolio to us is in the ability of the underlying companies to cover their obligations at maturity, not in our ability to trade these securities at a profit. Based on current projections, we believe existing cash balances and future cash inflows from this portfolio will meet our liquidity needs for at least the next 12 months.

Stand-by Letters of Credit

From time-to-time, we enter into stand-by letters of credit (“SBLCs”) related to our product warranty and performance guarantees. As of September 30, 2021, outstanding SBLCs totaled $14.1 million. See Note 6, “Lines of Credit – Stand-by Letters of Credit,” of the Notes for further discussion on outstanding SBLCs.

Share Repurchase Program

On March 9, 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program (the “March 2021 Authorization”) which we may repurchase, under management’s discretion, up to $50.0 million in aggregate cost of our outstanding common stock. As of September 30, 2021, under the March 2021 Authorization, we may repurchase additional shares of our outstanding common stock at an aggregate cost of approximately $32.8 million. During the quarter ended September 30, 2021, we repurchased 295,728 shares at an aggregate cost of approximately $5.6 million. See Note 9, “Stockholders’ Equity – Share Repurchase Program,” of the Notes for further discussion regarding the March 2021 Authorization.

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Cash Flows


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2021		2020
	(In thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	7,294	$	10,350
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(27,547)		42,166
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(8,217)		1,237
Effect of exchange rate differences on cash and cash equivalents	(40)		11
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(28,510)	$	53,764

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities is subject to the project driven, non-cyclical nature of our business. Operating cash flow can fluctuate significantly from year to year, due to the timing of receipts of large project orders. Operating cash flow may be negative in one year and significantly positive in the next, consequently individual quarterly results and comparisons may not necessarily indicate a significant trend, either positive or negative.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, compared to net cash provided by operating activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was lower due primarily to lower net income, increased planned inventory purchases and finished goods production, and timing of cash collected on accounts receivables, partially offset by timing of cash paid on accounts payable.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities primarily relates to maturities, sales and purchases of marketable securities, and capital expenditures supporting our growth. Our investments in marketable securities are structured to preserve principal and liquidity while at the same time maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. The cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to cash provided by investing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2020, was due primarily to the purchases of debt securities, partially offset by lower capital expenditures. In fiscal 2020, we shifted our investment strategy from investment in debt securities to investment in money market funds due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities primarily relates to the issuance of equity from our employee equity incentive plans and offset by share repurchases under our board authorized share repurchase program. Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, was $9.5 million lower than the net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, due primarily to share repurchases of $17.2 million under the March 2021 Authorization, partially offset by higher issuance of equity of $7.7 million related to our employee equity incentive plans.

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Liquidity and Capital Resource Requirements

We believe that our existing resources and cash generated from our operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated capital requirements for at least the next 12 months. However, we may need to raise additional capital or incur additional indebtedness to continue to fund our operations or to support acquisitions in the future and/or to fund investments in our latest technology arising from rapid market adoption. These needs could require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including the continuing market acceptance of our products, our rate of revenue growth, the timing of new product introductions, the expansion of our R&D, manufacturing and S&M activities, the timing and extent of our expansion into new geographic territories and the amount and timing of cash used for stock repurchases. In addition, we may enter into potential material investments in, or acquisitions of, complementary businesses, services or technologies in the future which could also require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. Should we need additional liquidity or capital funds, these funds may not be available to us on favorable terms, or at all.

Contractual Obligations

Facility and Equipment Leases. We lease facilities and equipment under fixed noncancelable operating leases that expire on various dates through fiscal year 2030.

Purchase Order Arrangements. We have purchase order arrangements with our vendors for which we have not received the related goods or services. These arrangements are subject to change based on our sales demand forecasts. We have the right to cancel the arrangements prior to the date of delivery. The purchase order arrangements are related to various raw materials and component parts, as well as capital equipment.

See Note 7, “Commitments and Contingencies,” of the Notes for additional information related to our fixed noncancelable operating leases and our purchase order arrangements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

During the periods presented, we did not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 1, “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies – Significant Accounting Policies,” of the Notes.

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Item 3 — Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Our exposure to market risk may be found primarily in two areas, foreign currency and interest rates.

Foreign Currency Risk

Our foreign currency exposures are due to fluctuations in exchange rates for U.S. dollar (“USD”) versus the British pound, Saudi riyal, Emirati dirham, European euro, Chinese yuan, Indian rupee and Canadian dollar. Changes in currency exchange rates could adversely affect our consolidated operating results or financial position.

Our revenue contracts have been denominated in USD. At times, our international customers may have difficulty in obtaining USD to pay our receivables, thus increasing collection risk and potential doubtful account expense. As we expand our international sales, a portion of our revenue could be denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, our cash and operating results could be increasingly affected by changes in exchange rates.

In addition, we pay many vendors in foreign currency and, therefore, are subject to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Our international sales and service operations incur expense that is denominated in foreign currencies. This expense could be materially affected by currency fluctuations. Our international sales and services operations also maintain cash balances denominated in foreign currencies. To decrease the inherent risk associated with translation of foreign cash balances into our reporting currency, we do not maintain excess cash balances in foreign currencies.

We have not hedged our exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates because expenses in foreign currencies have been insignificant to date and exchange rate fluctuations have had little impact on our operating results and cash flows.

Interest Rate and Credit Risks

The primary objective of our investment activities is to preserve principal and liquidity while at the same time maximizing yields without significantly increasing risk. We invest primarily in investment-grade short-term and long-term high-quality marketable debt instruments that are subject to counter-party credit risk. To minimize this risk, we invest pursuant to an investment policy approved by our board of directors. The policy mandates high credit rating requirements and restricts our exposure to any single corporate issuer by imposing concentration limits.

As of September 30, 2021, our investment portfolio of $42.7 million, in investment-grade short-term and long-term high-quality marketable debt instruments, such as U.S. treasury securities, and corporate notes and bonds, are classified as either short-term and/or long-term investments on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These investments are subject to interest rate fluctuations and will decrease in market value if interest rates increase. To minimize the exposure due to adverse shifts in interest rates, we maintain investments with a weighted average maturity of less than six months. As of September 30, 2021, a hypothetical 1% increase in interest rates would have resulted in approximately $0.2 million decrease in the fair value of our fixed-income debt securities.

Item 4 — Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as of the end of the period covered by this report.

Based on that evaluation, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of September 30, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

Changes in Internal Controls

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1 — Legal Proceedings

Note 8, “Commitments and Contingencies – Litigation,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” in our Annual Report on Form 10‑K for the year ended December 31, 2020 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on March 12, 2021 (“2020 Annual Report”), provides information on certain litigation in which we are involved.

For an update on the litigation matters previously disclosed in the 2020 Annual Report, see the discussion in Note 7, “Commitments and Contingencies – Litigation,” of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q, which discussion is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.

Item 1A — Risk Factors

Except for the risk factors disclosed below and in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2021 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 7, 2021, there have been no material changes in our risk factors from those disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” in the 2020 Annual Report.

We depend on third party suppliers to deliver raw materials and components in accordance with our production schedule, and a shortage or disruption to our supply chain due to the impact of COVID-19 can disrupt our production of products.

The global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has created uncertainty and economic disruption, including restrictions and delays in logistics, as well as labor shortages and inflation. Our products contain raw materials and components that we source globally from suppliers who, in turn, may source components from their suppliers. We and our suppliers may experience supply chain disruptions, our suppliers may experience an inability to manufacture or deliver products, or we and our suppliers may experience higher product costs, including inflation related increases. If there is a shortage or transportation delay of any materials or components in our supply chain, particularly from near sole source suppliers, and the raw materials and/or components cannot be readily sourced from a different supplier or at a cost we expect, the shortage or delay may disrupt the production of our products, and/or increase our costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. In addition, continued disruptions or delays in shipments whether due to port congestion, logistics carrier disruption, other shipping capacity constraints or other factors, may result in significantly increased inbound freight costs. Any significant increase in costs of these materials, components and inbound freight, could affect our operating results if we are unable to pass such increases to our customers. We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business.

Item 2 — Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

On March 9, 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program (the “March 2021 Authorization”). The following table summarizes the stock repurchase activity under the March 2021 Authorization during the three months ended September 30, 2021. See Note 9, “Stockholders’ Equity,” of the Notes for further discussion on the March 2021 Authorization.


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share(1)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publically Announced Program	Maximum Number of Shares or Approximate Dollar Value (2) That May Yet to be Purchased Under the Program
					(In thousands)
July 1 – July 31, 2021	2,120	$	19.76	659,058	$	38,404
August 1 – August 31, 2021	280,172	18.90		939,230	33,105
September 1 – September 30, 2021	13,436	19.33		952,666	32,844

(1) Excluding commissions

(2) Including commissions

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Item 3 — Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4 — Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5 — Other Information

None.

Item 6 — Exhibits

A list of exhibits filed or furnished with this report or incorporated herein by reference is found in the Exhibit Index below.

Exhibit Number

Exhibit Description

31.1*

Certification of Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2*

Certification of Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1**

Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101

Inline XBRL Document Set for the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in Part I, “Financial Information” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

104

Inline XBRL for the cover page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, included in the Exhibit 101 Inline XBRL Document Set.

* Filed herewith.

** The certifications furnished in Exhibits 32.1 are deemed to accompany this Form 10-Q and are not deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall they be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.

Date:

November 5, 2021

By:

/s/ ROBERT YU LANG MAO

Robert Yu Lang Mao

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:

November 5, 2021

By:

/s/ JOSHUA BALLARD

Joshua Ballard

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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