Exhibit 1.1
Energy Recovery, Inc.
14,000,000 Shares
Common Stock
($0.001 par value)
Underwriting Agreement
New York, New York
, 2008
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Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC
As Representatives of the several Underwriters, |
c/o
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Citigroup Global Markets Inc. |
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388 Greenwich Street |
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New York, New York 10013 |
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Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC |
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Eleven Madison Avenue |
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New York, New York 10010 |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Energy Recovery, Inc., a corporation organized under the laws of Delaware (the Company),
proposes to sell to the several underwriters named in Schedule I hereto (the Underwriters), for
whom you (the Representatives) are acting as representatives, 8,000,000 shares of common stock,
$0.001 par value (Common Stock) of the Company, and the persons named in Schedule II hereto (the
Selling Stockholders) propose to sell to the several Underwriters 6,000,000 shares of Common
Stock (said shares to be issued and sold by the Company and shares to be sold by the Selling
Stockholders collectively being hereinafter called the Underwritten Securities). The Company
proposes to grant to the Underwriters an option to purchase up to 2,100,000 additional shares of
Common Stock to cover over-allotments, if any (the Option Securities; the Option Securities,
together with the Underwritten Securities, being hereinafter called the Securities). To the
extent there are no additional Underwriters listed on Schedule I other than you, the term
Representatives as used herein shall mean you, as Underwriters, and the terms Representatives and
Underwriters shall mean either the singular or plural as the context requires. In addition, to the
extent that there is not more than one Selling Stockholder named in Schedule II, the term Selling
Stockholder shall mean either the singular or plural. The use of the neuter in this Agreement
shall include the feminine and masculine wherever appropriate. Certain terms used herein are
defined in Section 20 hereof. For purposes of any statement herein that is qualified as being to
the knowledge of the Company, it is agreed by the Underwriters to mean the current actual knowledge
of those executive officers of the Company named in the Prospectus, after reasonable due inquiry of
those employees of the Company who such executive officers believe would have actual knowledge of
the matters represented.
1. Representations and Warranties.
(i) The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with, each Underwriter as set forth
below in this Section 1 that:
(a) The Company has prepared and filed with the Commission a registration statement
(file number 333-150007) on Form S-1, including a related preliminary prospectus, for
registration under the Act of the offering and sale of the Securities. Such Registration
Statement, including any amendments thereto filed prior to the Execution Time, has become
effective. The Company may have filed one or more amendments thereto, including a related
preliminary prospectus, each of which has previously been furnished to you. The Company
will file with the Commission a final prospectus in accordance with Rule 424(b). As filed,
such final prospectus shall contain all information required by the Act and the rules
thereunder and, except to the extent the Representatives shall agree in writing to a
modification, shall be in all substantive respects in the form furnished to you prior to
the Execution Time or, to the extent not completed at the Execution Time, shall contain
only such specific additional information and other changes (beyond that contained in the
latest Preliminary Prospectus) as the Company has advised you, prior to the Execution Time,
will be included or made therein.
(b) On the Effective Date, the Registration Statement did, and when the Prospectus is
first filed in accordance with Rule 424(b) and on the Closing Date (as defined herein) and
on any date on which Option Securities are purchased, if such date is not the Closing Date
(a settlement date), the Prospectus (and any supplement thereto) will, comply in all
material respects with the applicable requirements of the Act and the rules thereunder; on
the Effective Date and at the Execution Time, the Registration Statement did not contain
any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, not misleading; and on
the date of any filing pursuant to Rule 424(b) and on the Closing Date and any settlement
date, the Prospectus (together with any supplement thereto) will not include any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make
the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading; provided, however, that the Company makes no representations or
warranties as to the information contained in or omitted from the Registration Statement,
or the Prospectus (or any supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with
information furnished in writing to the Company by or on behalf of any Underwriter through
the Representatives specifically for inclusion in the Registration Statement or the
Prospectus (or any supplement thereto), it being understood and agreed that the only such
information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in
Section 8 hereof.
(c) (i) The Disclosure Package and the price to the public, the number of Underwritten
Securities and the number of Option Securities to be included on the cover page of the
Prospectus, when taken together as a whole and (ii) each
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electronic road show when taken together as a whole with the Disclosure Package and
the price to the public, the number of Underwritten Securities and the number of Option
Securities to be included on the cover page of the Prospectus, does not contain any untrue
statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make
the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading. The preceding sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from the
Disclosure Package based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the
Company by any Underwriter through the Representatives specifically for use therein, it
being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by or on behalf of any
Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section 8 hereof.
(d) (i) At the time of filing the Registration Statement and (ii) as of the Execution
Time (with such date being used as the determination date for purposes of this clause
(ii)), the Company was not and is not an Ineligible Issuer (as defined in Rule 405),
without taking account of any determination by the Commission pursuant to Rule 405 that it
is not necessary that the Company be considered an Ineligible Issuer.
(e) Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus does not include any information that
conflicts with the information contained in the Registration Statement, including any
document incorporated by reference therein that has not been superseded or modified. The
foregoing sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free
Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the
Company by any Underwriter through the Representatives specifically for use therein, it
being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by or on behalf of any
Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section 8 hereof.
(f) Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries has been duly incorporated or
reincorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of
the jurisdiction in which it is chartered or organized with full corporate power and
authority to own or lease, as the case may be, and to operate its properties and conduct
its business as described in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and is duly
qualified to do business as a foreign corporation and is in good standing under the laws of
each jurisdiction which requires such qualification, except to the extent that the failure
to be so qualified or be in good standing would not have a Material Adverse Effect.
(g) All the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Subsidiaries have been duly and
validly authorized and issued and are fully paid and nonassessable, and, except as
otherwise set forth in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, all outstanding shares of
capital stock of the Subsidiaries are owned by the Company either directly or through
wholly owned subsidiaries free and clear of any perfected security interest or any other
security interests, claims, liens or encumbrances.
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(h) [reserved]
(i) This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.
(j) The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the
Securities and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Disclosure
Package and the Prospectus, will not be an investment company as defined in the
Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
(k) No further consent, approval, authorization, filing with or order of any court or
governmental agency or body is required in connection with the consummation by the Company
of the transactions contemplated herein, except such as may be required under the blue sky
laws of any jurisdiction or under the laws of any foreign jurisdiction.
(l) Neither the issue and sale of the Securities nor the consummation of any other of
the transactions herein contemplated nor the fulfillment of the terms hereof will conflict
with, result in a breach or violation of, or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance
upon any property or assets of the Company or the Subsidiaries pursuant to, (i) the charter
or by-laws of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, (ii) the terms of any indenture,
contract, lease, mortgage, deed of trust, note agreement, loan agreement or other
agreement, obligation, condition, covenant or instrument to which the Company or the
Subsidiaries is a party or bound or to which its or their property is subject, or (iii) any
statute, law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree applicable to the Company or any
of the Subsidiaries of any court, regulatory body, administrative agency, governmental
body, arbitrator or other authority having jurisdiction over the Company or any of the
Subsidiaries or any of its or their properties, except, with respect to clause (ii) above,
for such conflicts, breaches, liens, charges or encumbrances as would not have,
individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect or a material adverse effect on
the transaction contemplated by the Agreement.
(m) No holders of securities of the Company have rights to the registration of such
securities under the Registration Statement.
(n) The Companys audited consolidated financial statements included in the
Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus and the Registration Statement present fairly, in
all material respects, the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the
Company as of the dates and for the periods indicated, comply as to form in all material
respects with the applicable accounting requirements of the Act and have been prepared in
conformity with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis
throughout the periods involved (except as otherwise noted therein). The financial
statement schedule included in the Registration Statement, when considered in relation to
the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all
material respects, the information set forth therein. The selected consolidated
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financial data set forth under the caption Selected Consolidated Financial Data in
the Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus and Registration Statement presents fairly, in
all material respects, on the basis stated in the Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus
and the Registration Statement, the information included therein.
(o) No action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency,
authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of the Subsidiaries or its
or their property is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, threatened that (i)
could reasonably be expected to materially and adversely affect the performance of this
Agreement or the consummation of any of the transactions contemplated hereby or (ii) could
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(p) Each of the Company and each of the Subsidiaries owns or leases all such
properties as are necessary to the conduct of its operations as presently conducted.
(q) Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries is in violation or default of (i)
any provision of its charter or bylaws, (ii) the terms of any indenture, contract, lease,
mortgage, deed of trust, note agreement, loan agreement or other agreement, obligation,
condition, covenant or instrument to which it is a party or bound or to which its property
is subject, or (iii) any statute, law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any
court, regulatory body, administrative agency, governmental body, arbitrator or other
authority having jurisdiction over the Company or such Subsidiary or any of its properties,
as applicable, which violations or defaults in the case of (ii) or (iii), individually or
in the aggregate, could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or a
material adverse effect on the transaction contemplated by the Agreement.
(r) BDO Seidman, LLP, who have certified certain financial statements of the Company
and the Subsidiaries and delivered their report with respect to the audited consolidated
financial statements and schedule included in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus,
are independent public accountants with respect to the Company within the meaning of the
Act and the applicable published rules and regulations thereunder.
(s) The Company has filed all tax returns that are required to be filed or has
requested extensions thereof (except in any case in which the failure so to file would not
have a Material Adverse Effect) and has paid all taxes required to be paid by it and any
other assessment, fine or penalty levied against it, to the extent that any of the
foregoing is due and payable, except for any such assessment, fine or penalty that is
currently being contested in good faith or as would not have a Material Adverse Effect.
(t) No labor problem or dispute with the employees of the Company or any of the
Subsidiaries exists or is threatened or, to the Companys knowledge, is imminent, which
would have a Material Adverse Effect, and the Company is
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not aware of any existing or imminent labor disturbance by the employees of any of its
or the Subsidiaries principal suppliers, contractors or customers, that could have a
Material Adverse Effect.
(u) The Company and each of the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized
financial responsibility against such losses and risks as are insured against generally by
companies engaged in the same or similar business; all policies of insurance insuring the
Company or any of the Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, assets, employees,
officers and directors are in full force and effect; the Company and the Subsidiaries are
in compliance with the terms of such policies and instruments in all material respects; and
there are no claims by the Company or any of the Subsidiaries under any such policy or
instrument as to which any insurance company is denying liability or defending under a
reservation of rights clause; to the knowledge of the Company, neither the Company nor any
of the Subsidiaries has been refused any insurance coverage sought or applied for; and
neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has any reason to believe that it will not
be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to
obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business
at a cost that would not have a Material Adverse Effect.
(v) None of the Subsidiaries is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly, from
paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution on its capital
stock, from repaying to the Company any loans or advances to it from the Company or from
transferring any of its property or assets to the Company or any of the other Subsidiaries,
except as described in or contemplated by the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus
(exclusive of any supplement thereto).
(w) The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all licenses, certificates, permits and
other authorizations issued by all applicable authorities necessary to conduct their
respective businesses and the lack of which would have a Material Adverse Effect, and
neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has received any notice of proceedings
relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authorization or permit
which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or
finding, would have a Material Adverse Effect.
(x) The Company and each of the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting
controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in
accordance with managements general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are
recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access
to assets is permitted only in accordance with managements general or specific
authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the
existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any
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differences. The Company has no reason to believe that the Companys and the
Subsidiaries internal controls over financial reporting are not effective, and the Company
and the Subsidiaries are not aware of any material weaknesses in their internal controls
over financial reporting.
(y) The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as
such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act); the Company has no reason
to believe that the Companys and the Subsidiaries disclosure controls and procedures are
not effective.
(z) The Company has not taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that
would constitute or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the
Exchange Act or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of
the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.
(aa) The Company and the Subsidiaries are (i) in compliance in all material respects
with any and all applicable foreign, federal, state and local laws and regulations relating
to the protection of human health and safety, the environment or hazardous or toxic
substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants (Environmental Laws), (ii) have received
and are in compliance in all material respects with all permits, licenses or other
approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective
businesses and (iii) have not received notice of any actual or potential liability under
any environmental law, except where such non-compliance with Environmental Laws, failure to
receive required permits, licenses or other approvals, or liability would not, individually
or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as set forth in the Disclosure
Package and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has been named
as a potentially responsible party under the Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980, as amended.
(bb) In the ordinary course of its business, the Company periodically reviews the
effect of Environmental Laws on the business, operations and properties of the Company and
the Subsidiaries, in the course of which it identifies and evaluates associated costs and
liabilities (including, without limitation, any capital or operating expenditures required
for clean-up, closure of properties or compliance with Environmental Laws, or any permit,
license or approval, any related constraints on operating activities and any potential
liabilities to third parties). On the basis of such review, the Company has reasonably
concluded that such associated costs and liabilities are not expected, singly or in the
aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(cc) None of the following events has occurred or exists: (i) a failure to fulfill
the obligations, if any, under the minimum funding standards of Section 302 of the United
States Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA), and the
regulations and published interpretations thereunder
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with respect to a Plan, determined without regard to any waiver of such obligations or
extension of any amortization period that could have a Material Adverse Effect; (ii) an
audit or investigation by the Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Department of Labor, the
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation or any other federal or state governmental agency or
any foreign regulatory agency with respect to the employment or compensation of employees
by any of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries that could have a Material Adverse Effect;
(iii) any breach of any contractual obligation, or any violation of law or applicable
qualification standards, with respect to the employment or compensation of employees by the
Company or any of the Subsidiaries that could have a Material Adverse Effect. None of the
following events has occurred or is reasonably likely to occur: (i) an increase in the
aggregate amount of contributions required to be made to all Plans in the current fiscal
year compared to the amount of such contributions made in the most recently completed
fiscal year that could have a Material Adverse Effect; (ii) an increase in the aggregate
accumulated post-retirement benefit obligations (within the meaning of Statement of
Financial Accounting Standards 106) of the Company and the Subsidiaries compared to the
amount of such obligations in the most recently completed fiscal year that could have a
Material Adverse Effect; (iii) any event or condition giving rise to a liability under
Title IV of ERISA that could have a Material Adverse Effect; or (iv) the filing of a claim
by one or more employees or former employees of the Company or any of the Subsidiaries
related to their employment that could have a Material Adverse Effect. For purposes of
this paragraph, the term Plan means a plan (within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA)
subject to Title IV of ERISA with respect to which the Company or any of the Subsidiaries
may have any liability.
(dd) There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company and any of the
Companys directors and officers, in their capacities as such, to comply in all material
respects with any provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 or the rules and regulations
promulgated in connection therewith to which the Company is subject.
(ee) Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the
Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any of the
Subsidiaries is aware of or has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that would result
in a violation by such persons of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended,
and the rules and regulations thereunder (the FCPA), including, without limitation,
making use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce corruptly in
furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay or authorization of the payment of any
money, or other property, gift, promise to give, or authorization of the giving of anything
of value to any foreign official (as such term is defined in the FCPA) or any foreign
political party or official thereof or any candidate for foreign political office, in
contravention of the FCPA; and the Company, the Subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the
Company, its affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with the FCPA and
have instituted and maintain policies and
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procedures designed to ensure, and which are reasonably expected to continue to
ensure, continued compliance therewith.
(ff) The operations of the Company and the Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at
all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements
and the money laundering statutes and the rules and regulations thereunder and any related
or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any
governmental agency (collectively, the Money Laundering Laws) and no action, suit or
proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any
arbitrator involving the Company or any of the Subsidiaries with respect to the Money
Laundering Laws is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, threatened.
(gg) Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the
Company, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any of the
Subsidiaries is currently subject to any sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign
Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (OFAC); and the Company will not directly
or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering, or lend, contribute or otherwise make
available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity,
for the purpose of financing the activities of any person currently subject to any U.S.
sanctions administered by OFAC.
(hh) The Company has no subsidiaries other than those listed in Annex A (referred to
herein as the Subsidiaries).
(ii) The Company and the Subsidiaries own, possess, license or have other rights to
use, all patents, patent applications, trade and service marks, trade and service mark
registrations, trade names, copyrights, licenses, inventions, trade secrets, technology,
know-how and other intellectual property (collectively, the Intellectual Property)
necessary for the conduct of the Companys business as now conducted or as proposed in the
Prospectus to be conducted, except where the failure to own, possess, license or otherwise
be able to acquire such Intellectual Property would not have a Material Adverse Effect.
Except as set forth in the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus under the caption
BusinessIntellectual Property, (a) to the knowledge of the Company after due inquiry,
there are no rights of third parties to any such Intellectual Property; (b) to the
knowledge of the Company after due inquiry, there is no material infringement by third
parties of any such Intellectual Property; (c) there is no pending or threatened action,
suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the Companys rights in or to any such
Intellectual Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a
reasonable basis for any such claim; (d) there is no pending or threatened action, suit,
proceeding or claim by others challenging the validity or scope of any such Intellectual
Property, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for
any such claim; (e) there is no pending or threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by
others that the Company infringes or otherwise violates any patent, trademark,
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copyright, trade secret or other proprietary rights of others, and the Company is
unaware of any other fact which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim; (f) to
the knowledge of the Company after due inquiry, there is no U.S. patent or published U.S.
patent application which contains claims that dominate or may dominate any Intellectual
Property described in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus as being owned by or
licensed to the Company or that interferes with the issued or pending claims of any such
Intellectual Property; and (g) there is no prior art of which the Company is aware that may
render any U.S. patent held by the Company invalid or any U.S. patent application held by
the Company unpatentable which has not been disclosed to the U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office.
Any certificate signed by any officer of the Company and delivered to the Representatives or
counsel for the Underwriters in connection with the offering of the Securities shall be deemed a
representation and warranty by the Company, as to matters covered thereby, to each Underwriter.
(ii) Each Selling Stockholder represents and warrants to, and agrees with, each Underwriter
that:
(a) Such Selling Stockholder is the record and beneficial owner of the Securities to
be sold by it hereunder free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities and claims,
subject to any interests created by the underwriters or by the Custody Agreement, and has
duly endorsed such Securities in blank, and has full power and authority to sell its
interest in the Securities, and, assuming that each Underwriter acquires its interest in
the Securities it has purchased from such Selling Stockholder without notice of any adverse
claim (within the meaning of Section 8-105 of the New York Uniform Commercial Code
(UCC)), each Underwriter that has purchased such Securities delivered on the Closing Date
to The Depository Trust Company or other securities intermediary by making payment therefor
as provided herein, and that has had such Securities credited to the securities account or
accounts of such Underwriters maintained with The Depository Trust Company or such other
securities intermediary will have acquired a security entitlement (within the meaning of
Section 8-102(a)(17) of the UCC) to such Securities purchased by such Underwriter, and no
action based on an adverse claim (within the meaning of Section 8-105 of the UCC) may be
asserted against such Underwriter with respect to such Securities.
(b) Such Selling Stockholder has not taken, directly or indirectly, any action
designed to or that would constitute or that might reasonably be expected to cause or
result in, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation of the price
of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.
(c) Certificates in negotiable form for such Selling Stockholders Securities have
been placed in custody, for delivery pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, under a
Custody Agreement and Power of Attorney duly authorized
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(if applicable), executed and delivered by such Selling Stockholder, in the form
heretofore furnished to you (the Custody Agreement) with , as
Custodian (the Custodian); the Securities represented by the certificates so held in
custody for each Selling Stockholder are subject to the interests hereunder of the
Underwriters; the arrangements for custody and delivery of such certificates, made by such
Selling Stockholder hereunder and under the Custody Agreement, are not subject to
termination by any acts of such Selling Stockholder, or by operation of law, whether by the
death or incapacity of such Selling Stockholder or the occurrence of any other event; and
if any such death, incapacity or any other such event shall occur before the delivery of
such Securities hereunder, certificates for the Securities will be delivered by the
Custodian in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Custody
Agreement as if such death, incapacity or other event had not occurred, regardless of
whether or not the Custodian shall have received notice of such death, incapacity or other
event.
(d) No further consent, approval, authorization or order of any court or governmental
agency or body is required for the consummation by such Selling Stockholder of the
transactions contemplated herein, except such as may be required under the blue sky laws of
any jurisdiction or under the laws of any foreign jurisdiction.
(e) Neither the sale of the Securities being sold by such Selling Stockholder nor the
consummation of any other of the transactions herein contemplated by such Selling
Stockholder or the fulfillment of the terms hereof by such Selling Stockholder will
conflict with, result in a breach or violation of, or constitute a default under any law or
the charter or by-laws of such Selling Stockholder, if applicable, or the terms of any
indenture or other agreement or instrument to which such Selling Stockholder or any of such
Selling Stockholders subsidiaries, if applicable, is a party or bound, or any judgment,
order or decree applicable to such Selling Stockholder or any of such Selling Stockholders
subsidiaries, if applicable, of any court, regulatory body, administrative agency,
governmental body or arbitrator having jurisdiction over such Selling Stockholder or any of
such Selling Stockholders subsidiaries, if applicable.
(f) Such Selling Stockholder has no reason to believe that the representations and
warranties of the Company contained in this Section 1 are not true and correct, is familiar
with the Disclosure Package and Registration Statement and has no knowledge of any material
fact, condition or information not disclosed in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus
or any supplement thereto which has adversely affected or may adversely affect the business
of the Company or any of its subsidiaries; and the sale of Securities by such Selling
Stockholder pursuant hereto is not prompted by any information concerning the Company or
any of its subsidiaries which is not set forth in the Disclosure Package and the
Prospectus.
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(g) In respect of any statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement, the
Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus or any Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment or
supplement thereto used by the Company or any Underwriter, as the case may be, made in
reliance upon and in conformity with information furnished in writing to the Company by any
Selling Stockholder specifically for use in connection with the preparation thereof, such
Selling Stockholder hereby makes the same representations and warranties to each
Underwriter as the Company makes to such Underwriter under paragraphs (i)(b), (i)(c) and
(i)(e) of this Section.
Any certificate signed by any Selling Stockholder and delivered to the Representatives or
counsel for the Underwriters in connection with the offering of the Securities shall be deemed a
representation and warranty by such Selling Stockholder, as to matters covered thereby, to each
Underwriter.
2. Purchase and Sale. (a) Subject to the terms and conditions and in
reliance upon the representations and warranties herein set forth, the Company and the
Selling Stockholders agree, severally and not jointly, to sell to each Underwriter, and
each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company and the
Selling Stockholders, at a purchase price of $ per share, the amount of the Underwritten
Securities set forth opposite such Underwriters name in Schedule I hereto.
(b) Subject to the terms and conditions and in reliance upon the representations and
warranties herein set forth, the Company hereby grants an option to the several
Underwriters to purchase, severally and not jointly, up to Option
Securities at the same purchase price per share as the Underwriters shall pay for the
Underwritten Securities. Said option may be exercised only to cover over-allotments in the
sale of the Underwritten Securities by the Underwriters. Said option may be exercised in
whole or in part at any time on or before the 30th day after the date of the Prospectus
upon written or electronic notice by the Representatives to the Company setting forth the
number of shares of the Option Securities as to which the several Underwriters are
exercising the option and the settlement date. The number of Option Securities to be
purchased by each Underwriter shall be the same percentage of the total number of shares of
the Option Securities to be purchased by the several Underwriters as such Underwriter is
purchasing of the Underwritten Securities, subject to such adjustments as you in your
absolute discretion shall make to eliminate any fractional shares.
3. Delivery and Payment. Delivery of and payment for the Underwritten Securities and
the Option Securities (if the option provided for in Section 2(b) hereof shall have been exercised
on or before the third Business Day immediately preceding the Closing Date) shall be made at 10:00
AM, New York City time, on , 2008, or at such time on such later date not more than
three Business Days after the foregoing date as the Representatives shall designate, which date and
time may be postponed by agreement among the Representatives, the Company and the
12
Selling Stockholders or as provided in Section 9 hereof (such date and time of delivery and payment
for the Securities being herein called the Closing Date). Delivery of the Securities shall be
made to the Representatives for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters against payment
by the several Underwriters through the Representatives of the respective aggregate purchase prices
of the Securities being sold by the Company and each of the Selling Stockholders to or upon the
order of the Company and the Selling Stockholders by wire transfer payable in same-day funds to the
accounts specified by the Company and the Selling Stockholders. Delivery of the Underwritten
Securities and the Option Securities shall be made through the facilities of The Depository Trust
Company unless the Representatives shall otherwise instruct.
Each Selling Stockholder will pay all applicable state transfer taxes, if any, involved in the
transfer to the several Underwriters of the Securities to be purchased by them from such Selling
Stockholder and the respective Underwriters will pay any additional stock transfer taxes involved
in further transfers.
If the option provided for in Section 2(b) hereof is exercised after the third Business Day
immediately preceding the Closing Date, the Company will deliver the Option Securities (at the
expense of the Company) to the Representatives, at 388 Greenwich Street, New York, New York, on the
date specified by the Representatives (which shall be within three Business Days after exercise of
said option) for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters, against payment by the
several Underwriters through the Representatives of the purchase price thereof to or upon the order
of the Company and the Selling Stockholders named in Schedule II by wire transfer payable in
same-day funds to the accounts specified by the Company. If settlement for the Option Securities
occurs after the Closing Date, the Company will deliver to the Representatives on the settlement
date for the Option Securities, and the obligation of the Underwriters to purchase the Option
Securities shall be conditioned upon receipt of, supplemental opinions, certificates and letters
confirming as of such date the opinions, certificates and letters delivered on the Closing Date
pursuant to Section 6 hereof.
4. Offering by Underwriters. It is understood that the several Underwriters propose
to offer the Securities for sale to the public as set forth in the Prospectus.
5. Agreements.
(i) The Company agrees with the several Underwriters that:
(a) Prior to the termination of the offering of the Securities, the Company will not
file any amendment of the Registration Statement or supplement to the Prospectus or any
Rule 462(b) Registration Statement unless the Company has furnished you a copy for your
review prior to filing and will not file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which
you reasonably object. The Company will cause the Prospectus, properly completed, and any
supplement thereto to be filed in a form approved by the Representatives with the
Commission pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) within the time
13
period prescribed and will provide evidence satisfactory to the Representatives of
such timely filing. The Company will promptly advise the Representatives (i) when the
Prospectus, and any supplement thereto, shall have been filed (if required) with the
Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) or when any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement shall
have been filed with the Commission, (ii) when, prior to termination of the offering of the
Securities, any amendment to the Registration Statement shall have been filed or become
effective, (iii) of any request by the Commission or its staff for any amendment of the
Registration Statement, or any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, or for any supplement to
the Prospectus or for any additional information, (iv) of the issuance by the Commission of
any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or of any notice
objecting to its use or the institution or threatening of any proceeding for that purpose
and (v) of the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of
the qualification of the Securities for sale in any jurisdiction or the institution or
threatening of any proceeding for such purpose. The Company will use its best efforts to
prevent the issuance of any such stop order or the occurrence of any such suspension or
objection to the use of the Registration Statement and, upon such issuance, occurrence or
notice of objection, to obtain as soon as possible the withdrawal of such stop order or
relief from such occurrence or objection, including, if necessary, by filing an amendment
to the Registration Statement or a new registration statement and using its best efforts to
have such amendment or new registration statement declared effective as soon as
practicable.
(b) If, at any time prior to the filing of the Prospectus pursuant to Rule 424(b), any
event occurs as a result of which the Disclosure Package would include any untrue statement
of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements
therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made or the circumstances
then prevailing, not misleading, the Company will (i) notify promptly the Representatives
so that any use of the Disclosure Package may cease until it is amended or supplemented;
(ii) amend or supplement the Disclosure Package to correct such statement or omission; and
(iii) supply any amendment or supplement to you in such quantities as you may reasonably
request.
(c) If, at any time when a prospectus relating to the Securities is required to be
delivered under the Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied
pursuant to Rule 172), any event occurs as a result of which the Prospectus as then
supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any
material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances
under which they were made, not misleading, or if it shall be necessary to amend the
Registration Statement or supplement the Prospectus to comply with the Act or the rules
thereunder, the Company promptly will (i) notify the Representatives of any such event;
(ii) prepare and file with the Commission, subject to the second sentence of paragraph (a)
of this Section 5, an amendment or supplement which will correct
14
such
statement or omission or effect such compliance; and (iii) supply any supplemented
Prospectus to you in such quantities as you may reasonably request.
(d) As soon as practicable, the Company will make generally available to its security
holders and to the Representatives an earnings statement which will satisfy the provisions
of Section 11(a) of the Act and Rule 158.
(e) The Company will furnish to the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters,
without charge, signed copies of the Registration Statement (including exhibits thereto)
and to each other Underwriter a copy of the Registration Statement (without exhibits
thereto) and, so long as delivery of a prospectus by an Underwriter or dealer may be
required by the Act (including in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied
pursuant to Rule 172), as many copies of each Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus and
each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and any supplement thereto as the Representatives may
reasonably request. The Company will pay the expenses of printing or other production of
all documents relating to the offering.
(f) The Company will use its best efforts to arrange, if necessary, for the
qualification of the Securities for sale under the laws of such jurisdictions as reasonably
requested by the Representatives after consultation with the Company and will maintain such
qualifications in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Securities;
provided that in no event shall the Company be obligated to qualify to do business in any
jurisdiction where it is not now so qualified or to take any action that would subject it
to service of process in suits, other than those arising out of the offering or sale of the
Securities, in any jurisdiction where it is not now so subject.
(g) The Company will not, without the prior written consent of Citigroup Global
Markets Inc. and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge,
or otherwise dispose of, (or enter into any transaction which is designed to, or might
reasonably be expected to, result in the disposition (whether by actual disposition or
effective economic disposition due to cash settlement or otherwise) by the Company or any
affiliate of the Company or any person in privity with the Company or any affiliate of the
Company) directly or indirectly, including the filing (or participation in the filing) of a
registration statement with the Commission in respect of, or establish or increase a put
equivalent position or liquidate or decrease a call equivalent position within the meaning
of Section 16 of the Exchange Act, any other shares of Common Stock or any securities
convertible into, or exercisable, or exchangeable for, shares of Common Stock; or publicly
announce an intention to effect any such transaction, for a period of 180 days after the
date of the Underwriting Agreement, provided, however, that the Company may issue and sell
Common Stock pursuant to any employee stock option plan, stock ownership plan or dividend
reinvestment plan of the Company in effect at the Execution Time and the Company may issue
Common Stock issuable upon the conversion of securities or the exercise of warrants
outstanding at the Execution Time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (x)
15
during the last 17 days of the 180-day restricted period the Company issues an
earnings release or material news or a material event relating to the Company occurs, or
(y) prior to the expiration of the 180-day restricted period, the Company announces that it
will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the
180-day period, the restrictions imposed in this clause shall continue to apply until the
expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the
occurrence of the material news or material event. The Company will provide the
Representatives and any co-managers and each individual subject to the restricted period
pursuant to the lockup letters described in Section 6(l) with prior notice of any such
announcement that gives rise to an extension of the restricted period.
(h) The Company will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that
would constitute or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the
Exchange Act or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of
the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.
(i) The Company agrees to pay the costs and expenses relating to the following
matters: (i) the preparation, printing or reproduction and filing with the Commission of
the Registration Statement (including financial statements and exhibits thereto), each
Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and each
amendment or supplement to any of them; (ii) the printing (or reproduction) and delivery
(including postage, air freight charges and charges for counting and packaging) of such
copies of the Registration Statement, each Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus and each
Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and all amendments or supplements to any of them, as may,
in each case, be reasonably requested for use in connection with the offering and sale of
the Securities; (iii) the preparation, printing, authentication, issuance and delivery of
certificates for the Securities, including any stamp or transfer taxes in connection with
the original issuance and sale of the Securities; (iv) the printing (or reproduction) and
delivery of this Agreement, any blue sky memorandum and all other agreements or documents
printed (or reproduced) and delivered in connection with the offering of the Securities;
(v) the registration of the Securities under the Exchange Act and the listing of the
Securities on NASDAQ; (vi) any registration or qualification of the Securities for offer
and sale under the securities or blue sky laws of the several states (including filing fees
and the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel for the Underwriters related to such
registration and qualification); (vii) filing fees for any filings required to be made with
the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority; (viii) the reasonable transportation and other
reasonable expenses incurred by or on behalf of Company representatives in connection with
presentations to prospective purchasers of the Securities; (ix) the fees and expenses of
the Companys accountants and the fees and expenses of counsel (including local and special
counsel) for the Company and the Selling Stockholders (provided, however, that fees and
expenses of counsel for the Selling Stockholders paid by the Company shall only include
such counsel named in Section 6(c) and fees and expenses of
16
any separate counsel retained
by a
Selling Stockholder shall not be paid by the Company); and (x) all other costs and
expenses incident to the performance by the Company and the Selling Stockholders of their
obligations hereunder.
(j) The Company agrees that, unless it has or shall have obtained the prior written
consent of the Representatives, and each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, agrees
with the Company that, unless it has or shall have obtained, as the case may be, the prior
written consent of the Company, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the
Securities that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or that would otherwise
constitute a free writing prospectus (as defined in Rule 405) required to be filed by the
Company with the Commission or retained by the Company under Rule 433; provided that the
prior written consent of the parties hereto shall be deemed to have been given in respect
of the Free Writing Prospectuses included in Schedule II hereto and any electronic road
show. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Representatives or the Company
is hereinafter referred to as a Permitted Free Writing Prospectus. The Company agrees
that (x) it has treated and will treat, as the case may be, each Permitted Free Writing
Prospectus as an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and (y) it has complied and will comply, as
the case may be, with the requirements of Rules 164 and 433 applicable to any Permitted
Free Writing Prospectus, including in respect of timely filing with the Commission,
legending and record keeping.
(ii) Each Selling Stockholder agrees with the several Underwriters that:
(a) Such Selling Stockholder will not, without the prior written consent of Citigroup
Global Markets Inc. and Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC offer, sell, contract to sell,
pledge or otherwise dispose of, (or enter into any transaction which is designed to, or
might reasonably be expected to, result in the disposition (whether by actual disposition
or effective economic disposition due to cash settlement or otherwise) by the Selling
Stockholder or any affiliate of the Selling Stockholder or any person in privity with the
Selling Stockholder or any affiliate of the Selling Stockholder) directly or indirectly,
including the filing (or participation in the filing) of a registration statement with the
Commission in respect of, or establish or increase a put equivalent position or liquidate
or decrease a call equivalent position within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act
with respect to, any shares of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible
into or exercisable or exchangeable for such capital stock, or publicly announce an
intention to effect any such transaction, for a period of 180 days after the date of this
Agreement; provided, however, that such restrictions shall not prohibit: (i) exercises of
options, warrants or other convertible securities into Common Stock of the Company if such
exercises do not result in such security being held by any person or entity other than such
Selling Stockholder; (ii) transactions involving Common Stock acquired by such Selling
Stockholder in open market transactions following the closing of the Companys initial
public offering if no filing under Section 16(a) of the Exchange
17
Act is required or voluntarily made in connection with subsequent sales of Common
Stock acquired in such open market transactions; (iii) distributions or transfers of Common
Stock to members, limited or general partners where such Selling Stockholder is a limited
liability corporation, limited partnership or similar entity, where the person or entity
receiving such distribution or transfer executes a form of this Letter; (iv) transfers of
Common Stock or rights to acquire Common Stock to immediate family or to a trust for the
direct or indirect benefit of such Selling Stockholder, where the person or entity
receiving such transfer executes a form of this Letter; or (v) bona fide gifts to third
parties who execute a form of this Letter. If (x) during the last 17 days of the 180-day
restricted period the Company issues an earnings release or material news or a material
event relating to the Company occurs, or (y) prior to the expiration of the 180-day
restricted period, the Company announces that it will release earnings results during the
16-day period beginning on the last day of the 180-day period, the restrictions imposed in
this clause shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on
the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material
event.
(b) Such Selling Stockholder will not take, directly or indirectly, any action
designed to or that would constitute or that might reasonably be expected to cause or
result in, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation of the price
of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities.
(c) Such Selling Stockholder will advise you promptly, and if requested by you, will
confirm such advice in writing, so long as delivery of a prospectus relating to the
Securities by an underwriter or dealer may be required under the Act, of (i) any material
change in the Companys condition (financial or otherwise), prospects, earnings, business
or properties which comes to the attention of such Selling Stockholder, (ii) any change in
information in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus any Preliminary Prospectus or any
Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto relating to such Selling
Stockholder previously furnished by such Selling Stockholder for inclusion in such
documents or (iii) any new material information relating to the Company or relating to any
matter stated in the Prospectus or any Free Writing Prospectus which comes to the attention
of such Selling Stockholder.
(d) Such Selling Stockholder represents that it has not prepared or had prepared on
its behalf or used or referred to, and agrees that it will not prepare or have prepared on
its behalf or use or refer to, any Free Writing Prospectus, and has not distributed and
will not distribute any written materials in connection with the offer or sale of the
Securities.
(e) Such Selling Stockholder will pay or cause to be paid all costs and expenses
incident to the performance of such Selling Stockholders obligations hereunder which the
Company has not otherwise specifically agreed to pay under this Section (5), including (i)
any fees and expenses of separate counsel retained
18
by such Selling Stockholder, (ii) such Selling Stockholders pro rata share of the
fees and expenses of the Custodian, and (iii) all expenses and taxes incident to the sale
and delivery of the Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder to the Underwriters
hereunder.
6. Conditions to the Obligations of the Underwriters. The obligations of the
Underwriters to purchase the Underwritten Securities and the Option Securities, as the case may be,
shall be subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company
and the Selling Stockholders contained herein as of the Execution Time, the Closing Date and any
settlement date pursuant to Section 3 hereof, to the accuracy of the statements of the Company and
the Selling Stockholders made in any certificates pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the
performance by the Company and the Selling Stockholders of their respective obligations hereunder
and to the following additional conditions:
(a) The Prospectus, and any supplement thereto, have been filed in the manner and
within the time period required by Rule 424(b); any material required to be filed by the
Company pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Act shall have been filed with the Commission
within the applicable time periods prescribed for such filings by Rule 433; and no stop
order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any notice objecting to
its use shall have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose shall have been
instituted or threatened.
(b) The Company shall have requested and caused Baker & McKenzie LLP, counsel for the
Company, to have furnished to the Representatives their opinion, dated the Closing Date and
addressed to the Representatives, substantially in the form of Exhibit B.
(c) The Selling Stockholders shall have requested and caused Baker & McKenzie LLP,
counsel for the Selling Stockholders, to have furnished to the Representatives their
opinion dated the Closing Date and addressed to the Representatives, substantially in the
form of Exhibit C.
(d) The Representatives shall have received from Davis Polk & Wardwell, counsel for
the Underwriters, such opinion or opinions, dated the Closing Date and addressed to the
Representatives, with respect to the issuance and sale of the Securities, the Registration
Statement, the Disclosure Package, the Prospectus (together with any supplement thereto)
and other related matters as the Representatives may reasonably require, and the Company
and each Selling Stockholder shall have furnished to such counsel such documents as they
may reasonably request for the purpose of enabling them to pass upon such matters.
(e) The Company shall have furnished to the Representatives a certificate of the
Company, signed by its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, dated
the Closing Date, to the effect that:
19
(i) the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are
true and correct on and as of the Closing Date with the same effect as if made on
the Closing Date and the Company has complied with all the agreements and satisfied
all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to the
Closing Date;
(ii) no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement
or any notice objecting to its use has been issued and no proceedings for that
purpose have been instituted or, to the Companys knowledge, threatened; and
(iii) since the date of the most recent financial statements included in the
Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (exclusive of any supplement thereto), there
has been no Material Adverse Effect.
(f) Each Selling Stockholder shall have furnished to the Representatives a
certificate, signed by such Selling Stockholder and dated the Closing Date, to the effect
that the representations and warranties of such Selling Stockholder in this Agreement are
true and correct in all material respects on and as of the Closing Date to the same effect
as if made on the Closing Date.
(g) The Company shall have requested and caused BDO Seidman, LLP to have furnished to
the Representatives at the Execution Time and at the Closing Date, letters, dated
respectively as of the Execution Time and as of the Closing Date, in form and substance
satisfactory to the Representatives, to the effect set forth in Annex B.
(h) Subsequent to the Execution Time or, if earlier, the dates as of which information
is given in the Registration Statement (exclusive of any amendment thereof) and the
Prospectus (exclusive of any supplement thereto), there shall not have been (i) any change
or decrease specified in the letter or letters referred to in paragraph (g) of this Section
6 or (ii) any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in or affecting
the condition (financial or otherwise), earnings, business or properties of the Company and
its subsidiaries taken as a whole, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary
course of business, except as set forth in or contemplated in the Disclosure Package and
the Prospectus (exclusive of any amendment or supplement thereto) the effect of which, in
any case referred to in clause (i) or (ii) above, is, in the sole judgment of the
Representatives, so material and adverse as to make it impractical or inadvisable to
proceed with the offering or delivery of the Securities as contemplated by the Registration
Statement (exclusive of any amendment thereof), the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus
(exclusive of any amendment or supplement thereto).
(i) Prior to the Closing Date, the Company and the Selling Stockholders shall have
furnished to the Representatives such further information, certificates and documents as
the Representatives may reasonably request.
20
(j) The Securities shall have been listed and admitted and authorized for trading on
NASDAQ, and satisfactory evidence of such actions shall have been provided to the
Representatives.
(k) At the Execution Time, the Company shall have furnished to the Representatives a
letter substantially in the form of Exhibit A-1 hereto from each officer and director of
the Company and the stockholders listed on Exhibit A-2 addressed to the Representatives.
(l) The Company shall have furnished to the Representatives a certificate of the
Company, signed by its principal financial officer, dated the date hereof substantially in
the form of Exhibit D hereto.
If any of the conditions specified in this Section 6 shall not have been fulfilled when and as
provided in this Agreement, or if any of the opinions and certificates mentioned above or elsewhere
in this Agreement shall not be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Representatives
and counsel for the Underwriters, this Agreement and all obligations of the Underwriters hereunder
may be canceled at, or at any time prior to, the Closing Date by the Representatives. Notice of
such cancellation shall be given to the Company and each Selling Stockholder in writing or by
telephone or facsimile confirmed in writing.
The documents required to be delivered by this Section 6 shall be delivered at the office of
Davis Polk & Wardwell, counsel for the Underwriters, 1600 El Camino Real, Menlo Park, California,
on the Closing Date.
7. Reimbursement of Underwriters Expenses. If the sale of the Securities provided
for herein is not consummated because any condition to the obligations of the Underwriters set
forth in Section 6 hereof is not satisfied, because of any termination pursuant to Section 10
hereof or because of any refusal, inability or failure on the part of the Company or any Selling
Stockholders to perform any agreement herein or comply with any provision hereof other than by
reason of a default by any of the Underwriters, the Company will reimburse the Underwriters
severally through any one of the Representatives on demand for all expenses (including reasonable
fees and disbursements of counsel) that shall have been incurred by them in connection with the
proposed purchase and sale of the Securities. If the Company is required to make any payments to
the Underwriters under this Section 7 because of any Selling Stockholders refusal, inability or
failure to satisfy any condition to the obligations of the Underwriters set forth in Section 6,
such Selling Stockholder pro rata in proportion to the percentage of Securities to
be sold by such Selling Stockholder shall reimburse the Company on demand for all amounts so paid.
8. Indemnification and Contribution. (a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold
harmless each Underwriter, each Selling Stockholder, the directors, officers, employees and agents
of each Underwriter, the directors, officers, employees and agents of each Selling Stockholder,
each person who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of either the Act or the Exchange Act
and each person who controls any
21
Selling Stockholder within the meaning of either the Act or the Exchange Act against any and
all losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint or several, to which they or any of them may
become subject under the Act, the Exchange Act or other Federal or state statutory law or
regulation, at common law or otherwise, insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or
actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue
statement of a material fact contained in the registration statement for the registration of the
Securities as originally filed or in any amendment thereof, or in any Preliminary Prospectus, the
Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or in any amendment thereof or supplement thereto,
or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and
agrees to reimburse each such indemnified party, as incurred, for any legal or other expenses
reasonably incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such loss, claim,
damage, liability or action; provided, however, that the Company will not be liable
in any such case to the extent that any such loss, claim, damage or liability arises out of or is
based upon any such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission
made therein in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company
by or on behalf of any Underwriter through the Representatives specifically for inclusion therein.
This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability which the Company may otherwise have.
(b) Each Selling Stockholder severally and not jointly agrees to indemnify and hold harmless
the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who signs the Registration Statement, each
Underwriter, the directors, officers, employees and agents of each Underwriter and each person who
controls the Company or any Underwriter within the meaning of either the Act or the Exchange Act
and each other Selling Stockholder, if any, to the same extent as (i) with respect to each Selling
Stockholder listed on Schedule IV, the foregoing indemnity from the Company to each Underwriter and
(ii) with respect to each Selling Stockholder not listed on Schedule IV, provided under Section
8(a), but only with reference to written information relating to such Selling Stockholder furnished
to the Company by or on behalf of such Selling Stockholder specifically for inclusion in the
documents referred to in the indemnity provided under Section 8(a); provided,
however, that in no case shall any of the Selling Stockholders be responsible for any
amount in excess of the total gross proceeds received by such Selling Stockholder for the
Securities sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder. This indemnity agreement will be in
addition to any liability which any Selling Stockholder may otherwise have.
(c) Each Underwriter severally and not jointly agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the
Company, each of the Companys directors, each of the Companys officers who signs the Registration
Statement, each person who controls the Company within the meaning of either the Act or the
Exchange Act, each Selling Stockholder, each of the directors, officers, employees and agents of
each Selling Stockholder and each person who controls any Selling Stockholder within the meaning of
either the Act or the Exchange Act to the same extent as provided under Section 8(a), but only with
reference to written information relating to such Underwriter furnished to the Company by or on
behalf of such Underwriter through the Representatives specifically for inclusion in the
22
documents referred to in the indemnity provided under Section 8(a). This indemnity agreement
will be in addition to any liability which any Underwriter may otherwise have. The Company and
each Selling Stockholder acknowledge that the statements set forth (i) in the last paragraph of the
cover page regarding delivery of the Securities, (ii) under the heading Underwriting, (iii) the
list of Underwriters and their respective participation in the sale of the Securities, (iv) the
sentences related to concessions and reallowances and (v) the paragraph related to stabilization,
syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus
constitute the only information furnished in writing by or on behalf of the several Underwriters
for inclusion in the Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.
(d) Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 8 of notice of the
commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be
made against the indemnifying party under this Section 8, notify the indemnifying party in writing
of the commencement thereof; but the failure so to notify the indemnifying party (i) will not
relieve it from liability under paragraph (a), (b) or (c) above unless and to the extent it did not
otherwise learn of such action and such failure results in the forfeiture by the indemnifying party
of substantial rights and defenses and (ii) will not, in any event, relieve the indemnifying party
from any obligations to any indemnified party other than the indemnification obligation provided in
paragraph (a), (b) or (c) above. The indemnifying party shall be entitled to appoint counsel of
the indemnifying partys choice at the indemnifying partys expense to represent the indemnified
party in any action for which indemnification is sought (in which case the indemnifying party shall
not thereafter be responsible for the fees and expenses of any separate counsel retained by the
indemnified party or parties except as set forth below); provided, however, that
such counsel shall be reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. Notwithstanding the
indemnifying partys election to appoint counsel to represent the indemnified party in an action,
the indemnified party shall have the right to employ separate counsel (including local counsel),
and the indemnifying party shall bear the reasonable fees, costs and expenses of such separate
counsel if (i) the use of counsel chosen by the indemnifying party to represent the indemnified
party would present such counsel with a conflict of interest, (ii) the actual or potential
defendants in, or targets of, any such action include both the indemnified party and the
indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have reasonably concluded that there may be
legal defenses available to it and/or other indemnified parties which are different from or
additional to those available to the indemnifying party, (iii) the indemnifying party shall not
have employed counsel satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party
within a reasonable time after notice of the institution of such action or (iv) the indemnifying
party shall authorize the indemnified party to employ separate counsel at the expense of the
indemnifying party. An indemnifying party will not, without the prior written consent of the
indemnified parties, which shall not be unreasonably withheld, settle or compromise or consent to
the entry of any judgment with respect to any pending or threatened claim, action, suit or
proceeding in respect of which indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder (whether or
not the indemnified parties are actual or potential parties to such claim or action) unless such
settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from
all liability arising out of such claim, action, suit or proceeding.
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(e) In the event that the indemnity provided in paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of this Section 8 is
unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party for any reason, the Company,
the Selling Stockholders, severally and not jointly, and the Underwriters agree to contribute to
the aggregate losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including legal or other expenses reasonably
incurred in connection with investigating or defending same) (collectively Losses) to which the
Company, one or more of the Selling Stockholders and one or more of the Underwriters may be subject
in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, by
the Selling Stockholders and by the Underwriters from the offering of the Securities;
provided, however, that in no case shall any Underwriter (except as may be provided
in any agreement among underwriters relating to the offering of the Securities) be responsible for
any amount in excess of the underwriting discount or commission applicable to the Securities
purchased by such Underwriter hereunder, and in no case shall any of the Selling Stockholders be
responsible for any amount in excess of the total gross proceeds received by such Selling
Stockholder for the Securities sold by the Selling Stockholder hereunder. If the allocation
provided by the immediately preceding sentence is unavailable for any reason, the Company, the
Selling Stockholders and the Underwriters shall contribute in such proportion as is appropriate to
reflect not only such relative benefits but also the relative fault of the Company, of the Selling
Stockholders and of the Underwriters in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted
in such Losses as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. Benefits received by the
Company and by the Selling Stockholders shall be deemed to be equal to the total net proceeds from
the offering (before deducting expenses) received by each of them, and benefits received by the
Underwriters shall be deemed to be equal to the total underwriting discounts and commissions, in
each case as set forth on the cover page of the Prospectus. Relative fault shall be determined by
reference to, among other things, whether any untrue or any alleged untrue statement of a material
fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information provided
by the Company, the Selling Stockholders on the one hand or the Underwriters on the other, the
intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to
correct or prevent such untrue statement or omission. The Company, the Selling Stockholders and
the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution were determined by
pro rata allocation or any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable
considerations referred to above. Notwithstanding the provisions of this paragraph (e), no person
guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be
entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.
For purposes of this Section 8, (i) each person who controls an Underwriter within the meaning of
either the Act or the Exchange Act and each director, officer, employee and agent of an Underwriter
shall have the same rights to contribution as such Underwriter, (ii) each person who controls the
Company within the meaning of either the Act or the Exchange Act, each officer of the Company who
shall have signed the Registration Statement and each director of the Company, and (iii) each
person who controls a Selling Stockholder within the meaning of the Act or the Exchange Act, shall
have the same rights to contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the applicable terms
and conditions of this paragraph (e).
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(f) The liability of each Selling Stockholder under such Selling Stockholders representations
and warranties contained in Section 1 hereof and under the indemnity and contribution agreements
contained in this Section 8 shall be limited to an amount equal to the initial public offering
price of the Securities sold by such Selling Stockholder to the Underwriters. The Company and the
Selling Stockholders may agree, as among themselves and without limiting the rights of the
Underwriters under this Agreement, as to the respective amounts of such liability for which they
each shall be responsible.
9. Default by an Underwriter. If any one or more Underwriters shall fail to purchase
and pay for any of the Securities agreed to be purchased by such Underwriter or Underwriters
hereunder and such failure to purchase shall constitute a default in the performance of its or
their obligations under this Agreement, the remaining Underwriters shall be obligated severally to
take up and pay for (in the respective proportions which the amount of Securities set forth
opposite their names in Schedule I hereto bears to the aggregate amount of Securities set forth
opposite the names of all the remaining Underwriters) the Securities which the defaulting
Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed to purchase; provided, however, that
in the event that the aggregate amount of Securities which the defaulting Underwriter or
Underwriters agreed but failed to purchase shall exceed 10% of the aggregate amount of Securities
set forth in Schedule I hereto, the remaining Underwriters shall have the right to purchase all,
but shall not be under any obligation to purchase any, of the Securities, and if such nondefaulting
Underwriters do not purchase all the Securities, this Agreement will terminate without liability to
any nondefaulting Underwriter, the Selling Stockholders or the Company. In the event of a default
by any Underwriter as set forth in this Section 9, the Closing Date shall be postponed for such
period, not exceeding five Business Days, as the Representatives shall determine in order that the
required changes in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or in any other documents or
arrangements may be effected. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall relieve any defaulting
Underwriter of its liability, if any, to the Company, the Selling Stockholders and any
nondefaulting Underwriter for damages occasioned by its default hereunder.
10. Termination. This Agreement shall be subject to termination in the absolute
discretion of the Representatives, by notice given to the Company prior to delivery of and payment
for the Securities, if at any time prior to such delivery and payment (i) trading in the Companys
Common Stock shall have been suspended by the Commission or NASDAQ or trading in securities
generally on NASDAQ shall have been suspended or limited or minimum prices shall have been
established on such exchange, (ii) a banking moratorium shall have been declared either by Federal
or New York State authorities or (iii) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of
hostilities, declaration by the United States of a national emergency or war, or other calamity or
crisis the effect of which on financial markets is such as to make it, in the sole judgment of the
Representatives, impractical or inadvisable to proceed with the offering or delivery of the
Securities as contemplated by the Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus (exclusive of any
amendment or supplement thereto).
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11. Representations and Indemnities to Survive. The respective agreements,
representations, warranties, indemnities and other statements of the Company or its officers, of
each Selling Stockholder and of the Underwriters set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement
will remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any
Underwriter, any Selling Stockholder or the Company or any of the officers, directors, employees,
agents or controlling persons referred to in Section 8 hereof, and will survive delivery of and
payment for the Securities. The provisions of Sections 7 and 8 hereof shall survive the
termination or cancellation of this Agreement.
12. Notices. All communications hereunder will be in writing and effective only on
receipt, and, if sent to the Representatives, will be mailed, delivered or telefaxed to the
Citigroup Global Markets Inc. General Counsel (fax no.: (212) 816-7912) and confirmed to the
General Counsel, Citigroup Global Markets Inc., at 388 Greenwich Street, New York, New York, 10013,
Attention: General Counsel and to Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Eleven Madison Avenue, New
York, NY 10010-3629, Attention: Transactions Advisory Group; or, if sent to the Company, will be
mailed, delivered or telefaxed to Thomas Willardson (fax no.: (510) 483-7371), 1908 Doolittle
Drive, San Leandro, California 94577, with a copy to Baker & McKenzie LLP, Attention: Stephen A.
Schrader, Esq. (fax no.: (415) 576-3099), Two Embarcadero Center, 11th Floor, San
Francisco, California 94111; or if sent to any Selling Stockholder, will be mailed, delivered or
telefaxed and confirmed to it at the address set forth in Schedule II hereto.
13. Successors. This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the
parties hereto and their respective successors and the officers, directors, employees, agents and
controlling persons referred to in Section 8 hereof, and no other person will have any right or
obligation hereunder.
14. No fiduciary duty. The Company and the Selling Stockholders hereby acknowledge
that (a) the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement is an arms-length
commercial transaction between the Company and the Selling Stockholders, on the one hand, and the
Underwriters and any affiliate through which it may be acting, on the other, (b) the Underwriters
are acting as principal and not as an agent or fiduciary of the Company or the Selling Stockholders
and (c) the Companys engagement of the Underwriters in connection with the offering and the
process leading up to the offering is as independent contractors and not in any other capacity.
Furthermore, the Company and the Selling Stockholders agree that they are solely responsible for
making their own judgments in connection with the offering (irrespective of whether any of the
Underwriters has advised or is currently advising the Company or any Selling Stockholder on related
or other matters). The Company and the Selling Stockholders agree that they will not claim that
the Underwriters have rendered advisory services of any nature or respect, or owe an agency,
fiduciary or similar duty to the Company or any of the Selling Stockholders, in connection with
such transaction or the process leading thereto.
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15. Integration. This Agreement supersedes all prior agreements and understandings
(whether written or oral) between the Company, the Selling Stockholders and the Underwriters, or
any of them, with respect to the subject matter hereof.
16. Applicable Law. This Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance
with the laws of the State of New York applicable to contracts made and to be performed within the
State of New York.
17. Waiver of Jury Trial. The Company and the Selling Stockholders hereby irrevocably
waive, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any
legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated
hereby.
18. Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in one or more counterparts, each of
which shall constitute an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the same
agreement.
19. Headings. The section headings used herein are for convenience only and shall not
affect the construction hereof.
20. Definitions. The terms that follow, when used in this Agreement, shall have the
meanings indicated.
Act shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the
Commission promulgated thereunder.
Business Day shall mean any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a legal holiday or a day
on which banking institutions or trust companies are authorized or obligated by law to close in New
York City.
Commission shall mean the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Disclosure Package shall mean (i) the Preliminary Prospectus that is generally distributed
to investors and used to offer the Securities, (ii) the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any,
identified in Schedule III hereto, and (iii) any other Free Writing Prospectus that the parties
hereto shall hereafter expressly agree in writing to treat as part of the Disclosure Package.
Effective Date shall mean each date and time that the Registration Statement, any
post-effective amendment or amendments thereto and any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement became or
becomes effective.
Exchange Act shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and
regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder.
Execution Time shall mean the date and time that this Agreement is executed and delivered by
the parties hereto.
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Free Writing Prospectus shall mean a free writing prospectus, as defined in Rule 405.
Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall mean an issuer free writing prospectus, as defined in
Rule 433.
Material Adverse Effect shall mean a material adverse effect on the condition (financial or
otherwise), prospects, earnings, business or properties of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken
as a whole, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, except as
set forth in or contemplated in the Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (exclusive of any
supplement thereto).
Preliminary Prospectus shall mean any preliminary prospectus referred to in
paragraph 1(i)(a) above and any preliminary prospectus included in the Registration Statement at
the Effective Date that omits Rule 430A Information.
Prospectus shall mean the prospectus relating to the Securities that is first filed pursuant
to Rule 424(b) after the Execution Time.
Registration Statement shall mean the registration statement referred to in paragraph 1(a)
above, including exhibits and financial statements and any prospectus supplement relating to the
Securities that is filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) and deemed part of such
registration statement pursuant to Rule 430A, as amended at the Execution Time and, in the event
any post-effective amendment thereto or any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement becomes effective
prior to the Closing Date, shall also mean such registration statement as so amended or such Rule
462(b) Registration Statement, as the case may be.
Rule 158, Rule 163, Rule 164, Rule 172, Rule 405, Rule 415, Rule 424, Rule
430A and Rule 433 refer to such rules under the Act.
Rule 430A Information shall mean information with respect to the Securities and the offering
thereof permitted to be omitted from the Registration Statement when it becomes effective pursuant
to Rule 430A.
Rule 462(b) Registration Statement shall mean a registration statement and any amendments
thereto filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) relating to the offering covered by the registration
statement referred to in Section 1(a) hereof.
Subsidiary shall mean any company listed in Annex A.
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If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, please sign and
return to us the enclosed duplicate hereof, whereupon this letter and your acceptance shall
represent a binding agreement among the Company, the Selling Stockholder(s) and the several
Underwriters.
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Very truly yours,
Energy Recovery, Inc.
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[Custodian], as Custodian
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The foregoing Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted as of the date first
above written. |
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Citigroup Global Markets Inc.
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC |
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By:
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Citigroup Global Markets Inc. |
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By:
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Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC |
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For themselves and the other several Underwriters named in Schedule I to the
foregoing Agreement. |
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