Exhibit 3.2.2
BYLAWS
OF
ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.
(adopted April 18, 2001)
(restated , 2008)
ARTICLE 1
OFFICES
1.1 REGISTERED OFFICE
The corporation shall maintain a registered office and registered agent in the state of
Delaware. The registered office and/or registered agent of the corporation may be changed from
time to time by action of the board of directors.
1.2 OTHER OFFICES
The corporation may also have offices at such other places both within or outside the state of
Delaware as the board of directors may from time to time determine or the business of the
corporation may require.
1.3 BOOKS AND RECORDS
The books and records of the Corporation may be kept outside the State of Delaware at such
place or places as may from time to time be designated by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE 2
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
2.1 PLACE OF MEETINGS
Meetings of stockholders of Energy Recovery, Inc. (the Company) shall be held at any place,
within or outside the State of Delaware, determined by the Companys board of directors (the
Board). The Board may, in its sole discretion, determine that a meeting of stockholders shall not
be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of remote communication as authorized
by Section 211(a)(2) of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the DGCL). In the absence of any
such designation or determination, stockholders meetings shall be held at the Companys principal
executive office.
2.2 ANNUAL MEETING
An annual meeting of stockholders shall be held for the election of directors at such date and
time as may be designated by resolution of the Board from time to time. Any other proper business
may be transacted at the annual meeting.
2.3 SPECIAL MEETING
A special meeting of the stockholders may be called at any time by the Board, Chief Executive
Officer, or President (in the absence of a Chief Executive Officer).
If any person(s) other than the Board calls a special meeting, the request shall:
(a) be in writing;
(b) specify the time of such meeting and the general nature of the business proposed to be
transacted; and
(c) be delivered personally or sent by registered mail or by facsimile transmission to the
Non-Executive Chairperson of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer, the President (in the absence
of a Chief Executive Officer) or the Secretary of the Company.
The officer(s) receiving the request shall cause notice to be promptly given to the
stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, in accordance with these bylaws, that a meeting will
be held at the time requested by the person or persons calling the meeting. No business may be
transacted at such special meeting other than the business specified in such notice to
stockholders. Nothing contained in this paragraph of this Section 2.3 shall be construed as
limiting, fixing, or affecting the time when a meeting of stockholders called by action of the
Board may be held.
2.4 NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS MEETINGS
Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a written
notice of the meeting shall be given which shall state the place, if any, date and hour of the
meeting, the means of remote communication, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be
deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the
purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Except as otherwise provided in the DGCL, the
certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, the written notice of any meeting of stockholders
shall be given not less than 10 nor more than 60 days before the date of the meeting to each
stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting.
2.5 QUORUM
Except as otherwise provided by law, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, at each
meeting of stockholders the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of shares of stock having
a majority of the votes which could be cast by the holders of all outstanding shares of stock
entitled to vote at the meeting shall be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum. If,
however, such quorum is not present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, then either
(i) the chairperson of the meeting, or (ii) the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting,
present in person or represented by proxy, shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to
time, in the manner provided in Section 2.6, until a quorum is present or represented.
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2.6 ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE
Any meeting of stockholders, annual or special, may adjourn from time to time to reconvene at
the same or some other place, and notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time,
place, if any, thereof, and the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and
proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned meeting are
announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting, the Company
may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the
adjournment is for more than 30 days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for
the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of
record entitled to vote at the meeting.
2.7 CONDUCT OF BUSINESS
Meetings of stockholders shall be presided over by the Chief Executive Officer and the
Non-Executive Chairperson of the Board, if any, or in the absence of the foregoing persons by a
chairperson designated by the Board, or in the absence of such designation by a chairperson chosen
at the meeting. The Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in his or her absence the
chairperson of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the meeting. The
chairperson of any meeting of stockholders shall determine the order of business and the procedure
at the meeting, including such regulation of the manner of voting and the conduct of business.
2.8 VOTING
The stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall be determined in
accordance with the provisions of Section 2.11 of these bylaws, subject to Section 217 (relating to
voting rights of fiduciaries, pledgors and joint owners of stock) and Section 218 (relating to
voting trusts and other voting agreements) of the DGCL.
Except as may be otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, each stockholder
entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall be entitled to one vote for each share of
capital stock held by such stockholder which has voting power upon the matter in question. Voting
at meetings of stockholders need not be by written ballot and, unless otherwise required by law,
need not be conducted by inspectors of election unless so determined by the holders of shares of
stock having a majority of the votes which could be cast by the holders of all outstanding shares
of stock entitled to vote thereon which are present in person or by proxy at such meeting. If
authorized by the Board, such requirement of a written ballot shall be satisfied by a ballot
submitted by electronic transmission (as defined in Section 8.2 of these bylaws), provided that any
such electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which it
can be determined that the electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder or proxy
holder.
Except as otherwise required by law, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, in all
matters other than the election of directors, the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting
power of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote
on the subject matter shall be the act of the stockholders. Except as otherwise required by law,
the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the
voting power of the shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to
vote on the election of directors.
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2.9 RECORD DATE FOR STOCKHOLDER NOTICE; VOTING; GIVING CONSENTS
In order that the Company may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at
any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to express consent to corporate
action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other
distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any
change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board
may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution
fixing the record date is adopted by the Board and which record date:
(a) in the case of determination of stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any
meeting of stockholders or adjournment thereof, shall, unless otherwise required by law, not be
more than 60 nor less than 10 days before the date of such meeting;
(b) in the case of determination of stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate
action in writing without a meeting, shall not be more than 10 days after the date upon which the
resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board; and
(c) in the case of determination of stockholders for any other action, shall not be more than
60 days prior to such other action.
If no record date is fixed by the Board:
(a) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting
of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice
is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on
which the meeting is held;
(b) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate
action in writing without a meeting when no prior action of the Board is required by law, shall be
the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be
taken is delivered to the Company in accordance with applicable law, or, if prior action by the
Board is required by law, shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board adopts
the resolution taking such prior action; and
(c) the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close
of business on the day on which the Board adopts the resolution relating thereto.
A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of
stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting, provided that the Board may fix a new
record date for the adjourned meeting.
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2.10 PROXIES
Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may authorize another person or
persons to act for such stockholder by proxy authorized by an instrument in writing or by a
transmission permitted by law filed in accordance with the procedure established for the meeting,
but no proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy
provides for a longer period. The revocability of a proxy that states on its face that it is
irrevocable shall be governed by the provisions of Section 212 of the DGCL.
2.11 LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE
The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the Company shall prepare and make, at least
ten days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote
at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the
number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. The Company shall not be required to
include electronic mail addresses or other electronic contact information on such list. Such list
shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting for a
period of at least ten days prior to the meeting: (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic
network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the
notice of the meeting, or (ii) during ordinary business hours, at the Companys principal place of
business. In the event that the Company determines to make the list available on an electronic
network, the Company may take reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to
stockholders of the Company. If the meeting is to be held at a place, then the list shall be
produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be
inspected by any stockholder who is present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote
communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the
whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information
required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting.
ARTICLE 3
DIRECTORS
3.1 NUMBER OF DIRECTORS; TERM; POWERS
The board of directors shall consist of not less than three members, which number shall be
fixed from time to time by action of the board of directors or the stockholders. The board of
directors shall be divided into three classes, which shall be as nearly equal in number as is
possible. At the first election of directors to such classified board of directors, directors of
the first class shall be elected to hold office for a term expiring at the next succeeding annual
meeting, directors of the second class shall be elected to hold office for a term expiring at the
second succeeding annual meeting and directors of the third class shall be elected to hold office
for a term expiring at the third succeeding annual meeting. Subject to the foregoing, at each
annual meeting of stockholders following the meeting at which the board of directors is initially
classified, the number of directors equal to the number of the class whose term expires at the time
of such meeting shall be elected to serve until the third ensuing annual meeting of stockholders.
Each director shall hold office until such directors successor is elected and qualified or until
such directors earlier death, resignation or removal.
The business and affairs of the Company shall be managed by or under the direction of the
Board, except as may be otherwise provided in the DGCL or the certificate of incorporation.
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3.2 ELECTION; QUALIFICATION
Except as provided in Section 3.3 of these bylaws, directors shall be elected at each annual
meeting of stockholders. Directors need not be stockholders unless so required by the certificate
of incorporation or these bylaws. The certificate of incorporation or these bylaws may prescribe
other qualifications for directors.
3.3 RESIGNATIONS AND VACANCIES
Any director may resign at any time upon notice given in writing or by electronic transmission
to the Company. A resignation is effective when the resignation is delivered unless the resignation
specifies a later effective date or an effective date determined upon the happening of an event or
events. A resignation which is conditioned upon the director failing to receive a specified vote
for reelection as a director may provide that it is irrevocable. Unless otherwise provided in the
certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, when one or more directors resign from the Board,
effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so
resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when
such resignation or resignations shall become effective.
Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws:
(a) Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized
number of directors elected by all of the stockholders having the right to vote as a single class
may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a
sole remaining director.
(b) Whenever the holders of any class or classes of stock or series thereof are entitled to
elect one or more directors by the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, vacancies and
newly created directorships of such class or classes or series may be filled by a majority of the
directors elected by such class or classes or series thereof then in office, or by a sole remaining
director so elected.
If at any time, by reason of death or resignation or other cause, the Company should have no
directors in office, then any officer or any stockholder or an executor, administrator, trustee or
guardian of a stockholder, or other fiduciary entrusted with like responsibility for the person or
estate of a stockholder, may call a special meeting of stockholders in accordance with the
provisions of the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, or may apply to the Court of
Chancery for a decree summarily ordering an election as provided in Section 211 of the DGCL.
If, at the time of filling any vacancy or any newly created directorship, the directors then
in office constitute less than a majority of the whole Board (as constituted immediately prior to
any such increase), the Court of Chancery may, upon application of any stockholder or stockholders
holding at least 10% of the voting stock at the time outstanding having the right to vote for such
directors, summarily order an election to be held to fill any such vacancies or newly created
directorships, or to replace the directors chosen by the directors then in office as aforesaid,
which election shall be governed by the provisions of Section 211 of the DGCL as far as applicable.
A director elected to fill a vacancy shall be elected for the unexpired term of his or her
predecessor in office and until such directors successor is elected and qualified, or until such
directors earlier death, resignation or removal.
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3.4 PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE
The Board may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or outside the State of
Delaware.
Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, members of
the Board, or any committee designated by the Board, may participate in a meeting of the Board, or
any committee, by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which
all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting
shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
3.5 CONDUCT OF BUSINESS
Meetings of the Board shall be presided over by the Non-Executive Chairperson of the Board, if
any, or in his or her absence by a chairperson designated by the Board, or in the absence of such
designation by a chairperson chosen at the meeting. The Secretary shall act as secretary of the
meeting, but in his or her absence the chairperson of the meeting may appoint any person to act as
secretary of the meeting.
3.6 REGULAR MEETINGS
Regular meetings of the Board may be held without notice at such time and at such place as
shall from time to time be determined by the Board.
3.7 SPECIAL MEETINGS; NOTICE
Special meetings of the Board for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the
Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Secretary or any two directors.
Notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be:
(i) delivered personally by hand, by courier or by telephone;
(ii) sent by United States first-class mail, postage prepaid;
(iii) sent by facsimile; or
(iv) sent by electronic mail,
directed to each director at that directors address, telephone number, facsimile number or
electronic mail address, as the case may be, as shown on the Companys records.
If the notice is (i) delivered personally by hand, by courier or by telephone, (ii) sent by
facsimile or (iii) sent by electronic mail, it shall be delivered or sent at least 24 hours before
the time of the holding of the meeting. If the notice is sent by United States mail, it shall be
deposited in the United States mail at least four days before the time of the holding of the
meeting. Any oral notice may be communicated to the director. The notice need not specify the place
of the meeting (if the meeting is to be held at the Companys principal executive office) nor the
purpose of the meeting.
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3.8 QUORUM; VOTING
At all meetings of the Board, a majority of the total authorized number of directors shall
constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. If a quorum is not present at any meeting of
the Board, then the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without
notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present. A meeting at which a
quorum is initially present may continue to transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of
directors, if any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for that
meeting.
The vote of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which a quorum is present
shall be the act of the Board, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute, the
certificate of incorporation or these bylaws.
If the certificate of incorporation provides that one or more directors shall have more or
less than one vote per director on any matter, every reference in these bylaws to a majority or
other proportion of the directors shall refer to a majority or other proportion of the votes of the
directors.
3.9 BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING
Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, any action
required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board, or of any committee thereof, may be
taken without a meeting if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent
thereto in writing or by electronic transmission and the writing or writings or electronic
transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee.
Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in
electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.
3.10 FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS
Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, the Board
shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors.
3.11 REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS
Unless otherwise restricted by statute, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, any
director or the entire Board may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of
the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors.
No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any
director prior to the expiration of such directors term of office.
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ARTICLE 4
COMMITTEES
4.1 COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS
The Board may designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the
directors of the Company. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any
committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In
the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present
at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a
quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board to act at the meeting in the place of
any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the
resolution of the Board or in these bylaws, shall have and may exercise all the powers and
authority of the Board in the management of the business and affairs of the Company, and may
authorize the seal of the Company to be affixed to all papers that may require it; but no such
committee shall have the power or authority to (i) approve or adopt, or recommend to the
stockholders, any action or matter (other than the election or removal of directors) expressly
required by the DGCL to be submitted to stockholders for approval, or (ii) adopt, amend or repeal
any bylaw of the Company.
4.2 COMMITTEE MINUTES
Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board
when required.
4.3 MEETINGS AND ACTIONS OF COMMITTEES
Meetings and actions of committees shall be governed by, and held and taken in accordance
with, the provisions of:
(a) Section 3.5 (Place of Meetings; Meetings by Telephone);
(b) Section 3.7 (Regular Meetings);
(c) Section 3.8 (Special Meetings; Notice);
(d) Section 3.9 (Quorum; Voting);
(e) Section 3.10 (Board Action by Written Consent Without a Meeting); and
(f) Section 8.5 (Waiver of Notice)
with such changes in the context of those bylaws as are necessary to substitute the committee and
its members for the Board and its members. However:
(g) the time of regular meetings of committees may be determined either by resolution of the
Board or by resolution of the committee;
(h) special meetings of committees may also be called by resolution of the Board; and
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(i) notice of special meetings of committees shall also be given to all alternate members, who
shall have the right to attend all meetings of the committee. The Board may adopt rules for the
government of any committee not inconsistent with the provisions of these bylaws.
4.4 SUBCOMMITTEES
Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, these bylaws or the resolutions
of the Board designating the committee, a committee may create one or more subcommittees, each
subcommittee to consist of one or more members of the committee, and delegate to a subcommittee any
or all of the powers and authority of the committee.
ARTICLE 5
OFFICERS
5.1 OFFICERS
The officers of the Company shall be a President and a Secretary. The Company may also have,
at the discretion of the Board, a Chief Executive Officer, one or more Vice Presidents, a Chief
Financial Officer, a Treasurer, one or more Assistant Treasurers, one or more Assistant
Secretaries, and any such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of
these bylaws. Any number of offices may be held by the same person.
5.2 APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS
The Board shall appoint the officers of the Company, except such officers as may be appointed
in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.3 of these bylaws.
5.3 SUBORDINATE OFFICERS
The Board may appoint, or empower the Chief Executive Officer or, in the absence of a Chief
Executive Officer, the President, to appoint, such other officers and agents as the business of the
Company may require. Each of such officers and agents shall hold office for such period, have such
authority, and perform such duties as are provided in these bylaws or as the Board may from time to
time determine.
5.4 REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS
Any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by an affirmative vote of the
majority of the Board at any regular or special meeting of the Board or, except in the case of an
officer chosen by the Board, by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the
Board.
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Company. Any resignation
shall take effect at the date of the receipt of that notice or at any later time specified in that
notice. Unless otherwise specified in the notice of resignation, the acceptance of the resignation
shall not be necessary to
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make it effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the Company
under any contract to which the officer is a party.
5.5 VACANCIES IN OFFICES
Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Company shall be filled by the Board or as provided
in Section 5.3.
5.6 REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS
Unless otherwise directed by the Board, the President or any other person authorized by the
Board or the President is authorized to vote, represent and exercise on behalf of the Company all
rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation or corporations standing in the name
of the Company. The authority granted herein may be exercised either by such person directly or by
any other person authorized to do so by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by such person
having the authority.
5.7 AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS
Except as otherwise provided in these bylaws, the officers of the Company shall have such
powers and duties in the management of the Company as may be designated from time to time by the
Board and, to the extent not so provided, as generally pertain to their respective offices, subject
to the control of the Board.
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ARTICLE 6
INDEMNIFICATION
6.1 INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS IN THIRD PARTY PROCEEDINGS
Subject to the other provisions of this Article VI, the Company shall indemnify, to the
fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as now or hereinafter in effect, any person who was or is a
party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or
proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a Proceeding) (other than
an action by or in the right of the Company) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a
director or officer of the Company, or is or was a director or officer of the Company serving at
the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys
fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such
person in connection with such Proceeding if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such
person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and, with
respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such persons
conduct was unlawful. The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction,
or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption
that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which such person reasonably believed to
be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and, with respect to any criminal action
or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that such persons conduct was unlawful.
6.2 INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS IN ACTIONS BY OR IN THE RIGHT OF THE COMPANY
Subject to the other provisions of this Article VI, the Company shall indemnify, to the
fullest extent permitted by the DGCL, as now or hereinafter in effect, any person who was or is a
party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by
or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such
person is or was a director or officer of the Company, or is or was a director or officer of the
Company serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another
corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including
attorneys fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or
settlement of such action or suit if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person
reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company; except that no
indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person
shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Company unless and only to the extent that the Court
of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application
that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such
person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery
or such other court shall deem proper.
6.3 SUCCESSFUL DEFENSE
To the extent that a present or former director or officer of the Company has been successful
on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding described in Section 6.1 or
Section 6.2, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified
against expenses (including attorneys fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in
connection therewith.
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6.4 INDEMNIFICATION OF OTHERS
Subject to the other provisions of this Article VI, the Company shall have power to indemnify
its employees and agents to the extent not prohibited by the DGCL or other applicable law. The
Board shall have the power to delegate to such person or persons the determination of whether
employees or agents shall be indemnified.
6.5 ADVANCED PAYMENT OF EXPENSES
Expenses (including attorneys fees) incurred by an officer or director of the Company in
defending any Proceeding shall be paid by the Company in advance of the final disposition of such
Proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of the person to repay such amounts if it
shall ultimately be determined that the person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article
V or the DGCL. Such expenses (including attorneys fees) incurred by former directors and officers
or other employees and agents may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Company
deems appropriate.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless otherwise determined pursuant to Section 6.8, no advance
shall be made by the Company to an officer of the Company (except by reason of the fact that such
officer is or was a director of the Company, in which event this paragraph shall not apply) in any
Proceeding if a determination is reasonably and promptly made (i) by a majority vote of the
directors who are not parties to such Proceeding, even though less than a quorum, or (ii) by a
committee of such directors designated by majority vote of such directors, even though less than a
quorum, or (iii) if there are no such directors, or if such directors so direct, by independent
legal counsel in a written opinion, that facts known to the decision-making party at the time such
determination is made demonstrate clearly and convincingly that such person acted in bad faith or
in a manner that such person did not believe to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the
Company.
6.6 LIMITATION ON INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES
Subject to the requirements in section 6.3 and the DGCL, the Company shall not be required to
provide indemnification or, with respect to clauses (i), (iii) and (iv) below, advance expenses to
any person pursuant to this Article VI:
(a) in connection with any Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such person except (i) as
otherwise required by law, (ii) in specific cases if the Proceeding was authorized by the Board, or
(iii) as is required to be made under Section 6.7;
(b) in connection with any Proceeding (or part thereof) against such person providing for an
accounting or disgorgement of profits pursuant to the provisions of Section 16(b) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or similar provisions of any federal, state or local statutory
law or common law;
(c) for amounts for which payment has actually been made to or on behalf of such person under
any statute, insurance policy or indemnity provision, except with respect to any excess beyond the
amount paid; or
(d) if prohibited by applicable law.
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6.7 DETERMINATION; CLAIM
If a claim for indemnification or advancement of expenses under this Article VI is not paid in
full within 60 days after a written claim therefor has been received by the Company, the claimant
may file suit
to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in whole or in part, shall be
entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such claim. In any such suit, the Company shall have
the burden of proving that the claimant was not entitled to the requested indemnification or
advancement of expenses under applicable law.
6.8 NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS
The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this
Article VI shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification
or advancement of expenses may be entitled under the certificate of incorporation or any statute,
bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action
in such persons official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.
The Company is specifically authorized to enter into individual contracts with any or all of its
directors, officers, employees or agents respecting indemnification and advancement of expenses, to
the fullest extent not prohibited by the DGCL or other applicable law.
6.9 INSURANCE
The Company may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a
director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, or is or was serving at the request of the
Company as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint
venture, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred
by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such persons status as such, whether or not
the Company would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the
provisions of the DGCL.
6.10 SURVIVAL
The rights to indemnification and advancement of expenses conferred by this Article VI shall
continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure
to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.
6.11 EFFECT OF REPEAL OR MODIFICATION
Any repeal or modification of this Article VI shall not adversely affect any right or
protection hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of
such repeal or modification.
6.12 CERTAIN DEFINITIONS
For purposes of this Article VI, references to the Company shall include, in addition to the
resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent)
absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have
had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, employees or agents, so that any
person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is
or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or
agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in
the same position under the provisions of this Article VI with respect to the resulting or
surviving corporation as such person would have with respect to
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such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued. For purposes of this Article VI, references to other
enterprises shall include employee benefit plans; references to fines shall include any excise
taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to serving at
the request of the Company shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of
the
Company which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee or
agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who
acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the
participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a
manner not opposed to the best interests of the Company as referred to in this Article VI.
ARTICLE 7
STOCK
7.1 STOCK CERTIFICATES; PARTLY PAID SHARES
The shares of the Company shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board may
provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock
shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a
certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Company. Every holder of stock represented
by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the Company by
the President or a Vice-President, and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary
or an Assistant Secretary of the Company representing the number of shares registered in
certificate form. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any
officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed
upon a certificate has ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such
certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Company with the same effect as if such person were
such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue. The Company shall not have power to
issue a certificate in bearer form.
The Company may issue the whole or any part of its shares as partly paid and subject to call
for the remainder of the consideration to be paid therefor. Upon the face or back of each stock
certificate issued to represent any such partly paid shares, or upon the books and records of the
Company in the case of uncertificated partly paid shares, the total amount of the consideration to
be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon shall be stated. Upon the declaration of any dividend
on fully paid shares, the Company shall declare a dividend upon partly paid shares of the same
class, but only upon the basis of the percentage of the consideration actually paid thereon.
7.2 SPECIAL DESIGNATION ON CERTIFICATES
If the Company is authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of
any class, then the powers, the designations, the preferences, and the relative, participating,
optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications,
limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or
summarized on the face or back of the certificate that the Company shall issue to represent such
class or series of stock; provided that, except as otherwise provided in Section 202 of the DGCL,
in lieu of the foregoing requirements there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate
that the Company shall issue to represent such class or series of stock a statement that the
Company will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, the
designations, the preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of
each
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class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such
preferences and/or rights.
7.3 LOST CERTIFICATES
Except as provided in this Section 7.3, no new certificates for shares shall be issued to
replace a previously issued certificate unless the latter is surrendered to the Company and
cancelled at the same time. The Company may issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated
shares in the place of any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost, stolen
or destroyed, and the Company may require the owner of the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate,
or such owners legal representative, to give the Company a bond sufficient to indemnify it against
any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any
such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares.
7.4 DIVIDENDS
The Board, subject to any restrictions contained in the certificate of incorporation or
applicable law, may declare and pay dividends upon the shares of the Companys capital stock.
Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the Companys capital stock, subject to
the provisions of the certificate of incorporation.
The Board may set apart out of any of the funds of the Company available for dividends a
reserve or reserves for any proper purpose and may abolish any such reserve.
7.5 STOCK TRANSFER AGREEMENTS
The Company shall have power to enter into and perform any agreement with any number of
stockholders of any one or more classes of stock of the Company to restrict the transfer of shares
of stock of the Company of any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not
prohibited by the DGCL.
7.6 REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS
The Company:
(a) shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as
the owner of shares to receive dividends and to vote as such owner;
(b) shall be entitled to hold liable for calls and assessments the person registered on its
books as the owner of shares; and
(c) shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share
or shares on the part of another person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice
thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.
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7.7 TRANSFERS
Transfers of record of shares of stock of the Company shall be made only upon its books by the
holders thereof, in person or by an attorney duly authorized, and upon the surrender of a
certificate or certificates for a like number of shares, properly endorsed.
ARTICLE 8
MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE AND WAIVER
8.1 NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDER MEETINGS
Notice of any meeting of stockholders, if mailed, is given when deposited in the United States
mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at such stockholders address as it appears on
the Companys records. An affidavit of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company or of
the transfer agent or other agent of the Company that the notice has been given shall, in the
absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.
8.2 NOTICE BY ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION
Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders
pursuant to the DGCL, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, any notice to stockholders
given by the Company under any provision of the DGCL, the certificate of incorporation or these
bylaws shall be effective if given by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the
stockholder to whom the notice is given. Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by
written notice to the Company. Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if:
(a) the Company is unable to deliver by electronic transmission two consecutive notices given
by the Company in accordance with such consent; and
(b) such inability becomes known to the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company or
to the transfer agent, or other person responsible for the giving of notice.
However, the inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any
meeting or other action.
Any notice given pursuant to the preceding paragraph shall be deemed given:
(a) if by facsimile telecommunication, when directed to a number at which the stockholder has
consented to receive notice;
(b) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the
stockholder has consented to receive notice;
(c) if by a posting on an electronic network together with separate notice to the stockholder
of such specific posting, upon the later of (i) such posting and (ii) the giving of such separate
notice; and
(d) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder.
An affidavit of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or of the transfer agent or other
agent of the Company that the notice has been given by a form of electronic transmission shall, in
the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.
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An electronic transmission means any form of communication, not directly involving the
physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved, and reviewed
by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient
through an automated process.
Notice by a form of electronic transmission shall not apply to Sections 164, 296, 311, 312 or
324 of the DGCL.
8.3 NOTICE TO STOCKHOLDERS SHARING AN ADDRESS
Except as otherwise prohibited under the DGCL, without limiting the manner by which notice
otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the Company
under the provisions of the DGCL, the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws shall be
effective if given by a single written notice to stockholders who share an address if consented to
by the stockholders at that address to whom such notice is given. Any such consent shall be
revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the Company. Any stockholder who fails to object
in writing to the Company, within 60 days of having been given written notice by the Company of its
intention to send the single notice, shall be deemed to have consented to receiving such single
written notice.
8.4 NOTICE TO PERSON WITH WHOM COMMUNICATION IS UNLAWFUL
Whenever notice is required to be given, under the DGCL, the certificate of incorporation or
these bylaws, to any person with whom communication is unlawful, the giving of such notice to such
person shall not be required and there shall be no duty to apply to any governmental authority or
agency for a license or permit to give such notice to such person. Any action or meeting which
shall be taken or held without notice to any such person with whom communication is unlawful shall
have the same force and effect as if such notice had been duly given. In the event that the action
taken by the Company is such as to require the filing of a certificate under the DGCL, the
certificate shall state, if such is the fact and if notice is required, that notice was given to
all persons entitled to receive notice except such persons with whom communication is unlawful.
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8.5 WAIVER OF NOTICE
Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the DGCL, the certificate of
incorporation or these bylaws, a written waiver, signed by the person entitled to notice, or a
waiver by electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the
time of the event for which notice is to be given, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance
of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the
person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting at the beginning of the meeting, to
the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the
business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the
stockholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice or any waiver by electronic
transmission unless so required by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws.
ARTICLE 9
GENERAL MATTERS
9.1 FISCAL YEAR
The fiscal year of the corporation shall end on December 31st of each year.
9.2 SEAL
The Company may adopt a corporate seal, which shall be in such form as may be approved from
time to time by the Board. The Company may use the corporate seal by causing it or a facsimile
thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced.
9.3 ANNUAL REPORT
The Company shall cause an annual report to be sent to the stockholders of the Company to the
extent required by applicable law. If and so long as there are fewer than 100 holders of record of
the Companys shares, the requirement of sending an annual report to the stockholders of the
Company is expressly waived (to the extent permitted under applicable law).
9.4 CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS
Unless the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of construction, and
definitions in the DGCL shall govern the construction of these bylaws. Without limiting the
generality of this provision, the singular number includes the plural, the plural number includes
the singular, and the term person includes both a corporation and a natural person.
ARTICLE 10
AMENDMENTS
These bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed by the stockholders entitled to vote.
However, the Company may, in its certificate of incorporation, confer the power to adopt, amend or
repeal bylaws upon the directors. The fact that such power has been so conferred upon the directors
shall not divest the stockholders of the power, nor limit their power to adopt, amend or repeal
bylaws.
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A bylaw amendment adopted by stockholders which specifies the votes that shall be necessary
for the election of directors shall not be further amended or repealed by the Board.
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ENERGY RECOVERY, INC.
CERTIFICATE OF AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS
The undersigned hereby certifies that he or she is the duly elected, qualified, and acting
Secretary or Assistant Secretary of Energy Recovery, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the Company),
and that the foregoing bylaws, comprising twenty (20) pages, were amended and restated on by the Companys board of directors.
The
undersigned has executed this certificate as of .
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